Chemically robust conjugated polymer platform for thin-film sensors

Highly sensitive detection of Cr(VI), Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions by a new fluorescent sensor based on 4-amino-3-hydroxynaphthalene sulfonic acid-doped polypyrrole

“…They obtained linear Stern-Volmer relationships, with Stern-Volmer constants of 2.3 × 10 3 -7 × 10 4 M −1 [31]. In another study, Holt et al [32] chemically synthesized and grafted thin films of polythiophene (PT) and poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) onto optically transparent substrates. These films formed complexes with traces of ferric chloride and iodine, resulting into static fluorescence quenching, indicated by downward curved Stern-Volmer plots [32].…”

A novel fluorescent sensor based on electrosynthesized benzene sulfonic acid‐doped polypyrrole for determination of Pb(II) and Cu(II)

“…Due to their low cost, good sensitivity and rapidity, fluorescent sensors, either based on small organic molecules or on polymers, have been widely utilized for determining heavy metals . In recent years, because of their extensively‐delocalized electronic systems and conformationally‐ordered polymer chains, conjugated polymers (CPs) have been shown to have several advantages as fluorescent sensors small molecules In several cases, the fluorescence signal of CPs was amplified because of easy energy migration along the polymer backbone upon light excitation and of great versatility of molecular design, resulting in the sensitive detection of metal ions, such as Cu 2+ , Fe 3+ ,Hg 2+ and Ag + . Also, Maiti et al showed that poly(thiophene‐3‐yl‐acetic acid 8‐quinolinyl ester) was able to trace small amounts of heavy metal ions in solution.…”

“…The authors studied the fluorescence quenching of this polymer by Cu 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Pb 2+ metal ions, obtaining linear Stern–Volmer relationships, and calculated Stern–Volmer constant values ranging between 2.3 × 10 3 and 3.7x10‐4 M‐1 . However, in spite of their interest as fluorescent sensors for heavy metals, chemically‐prepared CPs also presented several drawbacks: their chemical fabrication was often long and complicated, needing several steps, and their fluorescence quenching by heavy metals sometimes led to non‐linear Stern–Volmer plots, making difficult the evaluation of the heavy metal limits of detection (LODs) . For example, Holt et al have chemically synthesized and grafted thin films of polythiophene and two alkyl‐based derivatives to optically transparent substrates.…”

“…However, in spite of their interest as fluorescent sensors for heavy metals, chemically‐prepared CPs also presented several drawbacks: their chemical fabrication was often long and complicated, needing several steps, and their fluorescence quenching by heavy metals sometimes led to non‐linear Stern–Volmer plots, making difficult the evaluation of the heavy metal limits of detection (LODs) . For example, Holt et al have chemically synthesized and grafted thin films of polythiophene and two alkyl‐based derivatives to optically transparent substrates. In the presence of traces of ferric chloride and iodine, a fluorescence quenching of polythiophene films was observed, resulting in reasonable Stern–Volmer constant values and downward curving Stern–Volmer plots …”

“…For example, Holt et al have chemically synthesized and grafted thin films of polythiophene and two alkyl‐based derivatives to optically transparent substrates. In the presence of traces of ferric chloride and iodine, a fluorescence quenching of polythiophene films was observed, resulting in reasonable Stern–Volmer constant values and downward curving Stern–Volmer plots …”