Chemically Sulfated Polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei Murill: Synthesis, Characterization and Anti‐HIV Activity

Abstract

AIDS, caused by HIV‐1, is one of the most dangerous infectious diseases in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new drugs with more potent bioactivities, less toxicity and higher tolerability for controlling the viral load, particularly by using the raw materials that are widely available. Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM), known in China as jisongrong, is of great importance as a food source and as a health‐promoting supplement for immunomodulation. The polysaccharides of AbM exhibit various biological activities, such as regulating cellular immunity and providing anti‐oxidative, anti‐infective, and anti‐inflammatory effects. At present, to our knowledge, no report has explored the chemically sulfated and anti‐HIV‐1 activity of AbM polysaccharides. Herein, the sulfated AbM polysaccharides with different sulfur contents were prepared by the chlorosulfonic acid‐pyridine method. The characteristics of sulfated derivatives were established by the determination of the sulfur content, the relative molecular weight, and the Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The anti‐HIV activities of the sulfated AbM polysaccharides were evaluated by CCK‐8 and the single‐cycle pseudovirus infection (TZM‐bl) assay. The sulfated AbM polysaccharides had strong antiviral properties, and the half‐maximal inhibitory concentrations approached that of the positive control, azidothymidine. Sulfated modification of AbM polysaccharides can increase their anti‐HIV pharmacological activity, which makes them promising alternative candidates as bioactive macromolecules for biomedical applications in HIV/AIDS.

Preparation and application of carboxymethylated and phosphatised Melaleuca polysaccharide

“…Sulfated polysaccharides have already proved to possess a high level and broad-spectrum antiviral activity (Ray et al, 2021). Sulfated modification of AbM polysaccharides can increase their anti-HIV pharmacological activity, which makes them promising alternative candidates as bioactive macromolecules for biomedical applications in HIV/AIDS (Zhao et al, 2021). The carboxymethyl modification of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide showed strong anti hydroxyl radical activity in vitro (Xu et al, 2009).…”

Telomerase Inhibition in the Treatment of Leukemia: A Comprehensive Review

“…Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM) is an edible mushroom found in Brazil. It exhibits various effects, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-HIV, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant effects [156][157][158]. An RNA-protein complex, FA-2-b-ß fraction, can be isolated from AbM.…”

Structural Elucidation, Modification, and Structure-Activity Relationship of Polysaccharides in Chinese Herbs: A Review

“…The degree of sulfation is positively related to anti-HIV and anticoagulant activity of CHPs. Firstly, sulfate groups are considered to be one of the determinants of anti-HIV activity of CHPs ( 8 , 140 ). Then, sulfate groups can enhance the anticoagulant activity of CHPs by generating the high level of negative charge density.…”