Chemiluminescence Immunoassay: Basic Mechanism and Applications

Abstract

Chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) has been widely applied in different fields including environmental monitoring, liquid chromatography, clinical diagnosis; food safety, pharmaceutical analysis, immuno-and gene probe assays, as a promising approach for selective, sensitive, rapid and simple analysis. It is often necessary to detect a large number of complicated or low-abundance samples. However, traditional methods need great consumption of time, reagents and labor, which limit their clinical applications. As a result, rapid, high-throughput, sensitive and low-cost detection methods have become the development trend of CLIA. A new chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer with advanced acridinium ester (AE) technology will be installed at the radioimmunoassy laboratory of National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (NINMAS) shortly. In conjunction with the existing Radioimmunoassay (RIA), Immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) and DissociationEnhanced Lanthanide Fluorescent Immunoassay (DELFIA), introduction of chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) technology will expand the activities of in vitro immunoassay. It will also improve the research and development activities of in vitro division of NINMAS. In this review article, we have summarized the basic principle of chemiluminescence immunoassay and its applications. A comparison of RIA, CLIA and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was also briefly described in the article.

Vitamin D metabolites and analytical challenges

“…It is a technique for estimating the concentration of a substance based on the intensity of light released by the chemical reaction. 89 Using luminophore or enzyme markers, this method can be used directly or indirectly. In the direct form, a reaction between two reagents (often a substrate and an oxidant) takes place in the presence of co-factors or a catalyst and results in the formation of a product or intermediate.…”

“…In the indirect chemiluminescent process, the excited species transfers its energy to a fluorophore, which is then excited and releases a photon while returning to the ground state. 90,91…”

“…In the indirect chemiluminescent process, the excited species transfers its energy to a uorophore, which is then excited and releases a photon while returning to the ground state. 90,91 In 2004, the completely automated chemiluminescence Liaison 25(OH)D assay system was introduced by DiaSorin Corporation. 92 A competitive model was employed to develop a CLIA for human serum 25(OH)D. The assay comparison revealed that this approach has a good agreement with the Roche and DiaSorin 25(OH)D kits, both of which are well accepted and utilized on the market.…”

Fabrication of Fragment Antibody–Enzyme Complex as a Sensing Element for Immunosensing

“…Among them, enzymes are advantageous because they can easily amplify signals and can be applied for electrochemical detection. Therefore, antibody-enzyme complexes (AECs) have been integrated into immunoassays for clinical diagnoses, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) [8][9][10], chemiluminescence immunoassays [11,12], and immunochromatography [13]. During the COVID-19 pandemic, immunosensors using AECs have also contributed to detection and diagnosis.…”

Paper-Based Immunosensors with Bio-Chemiluminescence Detection

“…Currently, the coupling of these methods with new nanomaterials (e.g., gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and magnetic materials) promoted a great breakthrough in the effectiveness of these techniques [ 24 , 25 ].…”