“…One can combine the molecular beam, mass spectrometry, and laser spectroscopy techniques to obtain experimental data, which reveal many molecular properties. , The LIF − and zero-kinetic energy (ZEKE) photoelectron − spectroscopic techniques that detect either photons or electrons are powerful tools to record the vibronic and cation spectra with high sensitivity. As alternative approaches, the REMPI − and MATI − methods that detect ions give the same spectroscopic data. Because of having mass information, they are suitable for the studies of molecular isomers to eliminate ambiguity resulting from presence of complexes, clusters, or impurities in the chemical sample.…”