Chemoprotective effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on oxidative stress and lung metastasis induced by benzo(a)pyrene

Abstract

Chemoprevention is regarded as one of the most promising and realistic approaches in the prevention of cancer. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is an active metabolite of vitamin A under the family retinoids, derived by irreversible oxidation of retinol (vitamin A), the parent compound for all natural retinoids. The aim of the present study is to divulge the chemopreventive and chemoprotective nature of ATRA during benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) induced lung cancer development in BALB/c mice. Administration of B(a)P (50 mg/kg body weight) to mice resulted in increased lipid peroxides (LPO), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and nitric oxide (NO) with concomitant decrease in the levels of tissue anti-oxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH) and vitamin C. ATRA supplementation (0.585 mg/kg body weight) attenuated all these alterations, which indicates the anti-cancer effect that was further confirmed by histopathological analysis. Overall, the above data show that the anti-cancer effect of ATRA is more pronounced when used as an chemopreventive agent against B(a)P-induced lung carcinogenesis.

Concomitant inhibition of hedgehog signalling and activation of retinoid receptors abolishes bleomycin‐induced lung fibrosis

“…The combination, however, is significantly superior in inhibiting lipid peroxidation and normalising GSH contents and CAT and SOD activities. Similar studies have also confirmed that ATRA and FSK have a strong antioxidant effect on lung and liver fibrotic conditions, respectively 7,28.…”

Synergistic effect of co-treatment with all-trans retinoic acid and 9-cis retinoic acid on human lung cancer cell line at molecular level

“…The cells were treated as mentioned above in the experimental group for various time intervals such as 24, 48 and 72 h. Then, the cells were diluted with 0.4% trypan blue dye solution which was then counted using hemocytometer, under microscopic observation. The non-viable cells were stained blue and the viable cells remained unstained (Ramya et al 2012). The percent viable cells were calculated as follows:…”

No beneficial effect of all-trans retinoic acid in previous non-responder patients with chronic hepatitis C: The ATRACTION study, a phase II randomised trial

“…However, although ATRA has been demonstrated to possess antioxidant effects in animal models [32], its antioxidative effect in humans may be less pronounced. Until today, it remains a challenging question how to effectively modify oxidative stress levels in chronic liver disease [33].…”