Chest-scale self-compensated epidermal electronics for standard 6-precordial-lead ECG

Abstract

Six chest leads are the standardized clinical devices of diagnosing cardiac diseases. Emerging epidermal electronics technology shift the dangling wires and bulky devices to imperceptible wearing, achieving both comfortable experience and high-fidelity measuring. Extending small areas of current epidermal electronics to the chest scale requires eliminating interference from long epidermal interconnects and rendering the data acquisition (DAQ) portable. Herein, we developed a chest-scale epidermal electronic system (EES) for standard precordial-lead ECG and hydration monitoring, including the only μm-thick substrate-free epidermal sensing module and the soft wireless DAQ module. An electrical compensation strategy using double channels within the DAQ module and epidermal compensated branches (ECB) is proposed to eliminate unwanted signals from the long epidermal interconnects and to achieve the desired ECG. In this way, the EES works stably and precisely under different levels of exercise. Patients with sinus arrhythmias have been tested, demonstrating the prospect of EES in cardiac diseases.

Flex-to-Stretch Hybrid Electronics—Bonding-Free Robust Interface for Wearable Wireless Physiological Monitoring

“…The concept of extended electrodes can be applied to the work that has been recently reported. [37] The laminated stack was then placed on an acrylic substrate with a thermal release tape between them. The metals (platinum for temperature and gold for ECG electrodes) were deposited successively via ebeam on the other side of the middle PI film using shadow masks.…”

“…A comparison of our wearable device sensors and features with previous studies is presented in Table S2. [1], [2], [52], [3], [10], [37], [44], [48]- [51]…”

Next-Generation Cardiac Interfacing Technologies Using Nanomaterial-Based Soft Bioelectronics

“…Recently, research has been conducted on utilizing materials with superior deformability, such as liquid metals, at connection points between soft electrode materials and rigid computing devices to avoid mechanical and electrical stress. For example, Yin et al utilized a liquid metal as a soldering material to connect epidermal electronics with a flexible printed circuit board (fPCB) . They demonstrated robust connections without damage or degradation issues, thanks to the fluidic properties of the liquid metal.…”

“…For example, Yin et al utilized a liquid metal as a soldering material to connect epidermal electronics with a flexible printed circuit board (fPCB). 179 They demonstrated robust connections without damage or degradation issues, thanks to the fluidic properties of the liquid metal. The electrodes, thin enough to wrap around a hair (1.6 μm thick) and large enough to cover the entire chest area, were connected to the bulky fPCB including a lithium battery using liquid metal, showcasing the reliability of the liquid metal-based connection strategy.…”

Emerging Bio‐Interfacing Wearable Devices for Signal Monitoring: Overview of the Mechanisms and Diverse Sensor Designs to Target Distinct Physiological Bio‐Parameters

“…Tattooable electronics, also known as epidermal electronics, create conformal interfacing with the skin in the absence of the substrates, which facilitates better wearability and high fidelity. [55][56][57] Utilization of thin and soft materials for conformability enlarges the contact area of the electrode on the skin and reduces the impedance, resulting in a high SNR. Interference on the movement of the body is reduced because the devices are able to deform regarding the displacement of the skin.…”