Chicken IgY-based coproantigen capture ELISA for diagnosis of human opisthorchiasis

Abstract

Diagnosis of Opisthorchis viverrini infection by conventional stool examination is increasingly difficult due to the low intensity of the infection after several rounds of control programmes in endemic regions as well as coinfections with intestinal flukes. Therefore sensitive and specific diagnostic test is needed. In this study, a coproantigen sandwich ELISA using recombinant O. viverrini cathepsin F (rOv-CF) was developed. This sandwich ELISA employing chicken IgY raised against rOv-CF in combination with rabbit IgG antibody to the somatic O. viverrini antigens showed a lower detection limit (LLD) of 70 ng native O. viverrini somatic antigens by spiking the parasite antigens into control feces. When applied to the diagnosis, the IgY-based sandwich ELISA exhibited sensitivity and specificity of 93.3% and 76.7%, respectively, in an investigation of 90 human cases positive or negative for opisthorchiasis. The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for this coproantigen detection were 66.7% and 95.2%, respectively. This IgY-based sandwich ELISA using parasite cathepsin F detection shows a promising immunodiagnostic alternative for human opisthorchiasis in endemic regions.

Egg yolk antibodies (IgY) and their applications in human and veterinary health: A review

“…This assay showed good sensitivity in the detection of O. viverrini in fecal samples from humans living in endemics places; however, a cross reaction with Taenia spp., Echinostoma spp. and Minute Intestinal Fluke (MIF) was observed [115]. Therefore, improvements still have to be made before this technology is available.…”

IgY-Technology Applied to Studies of Toxoplasma gondii Infection

“…Egg yolk IgY can be labeled with horseradish peroxidase for use in immunoenzymatic assays [52]. Some possibilities for application of yolk antibodies-based ELISA are: screening molecules related to drug-drug interactions [53]; sandwich ELISA to capture bacterial toxins [54]; screening animal diseases by using recombinant antigens [55]; characterization of maternal IgY transferred to egg yolk [56]; coproantigen to capture ELISA for intestine human parasite [57]; screening antibiotic residues in food samples [58]; detection of blood circulating helminth antigens by immunomagnetic bead ELISA [59]; potential for clinical application diagnosing cancer antigen [60].…”

Clonorchis sinensis omega-class glutathione transferases are reliable biomarkers for serodiagnosis of clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis

“…Imaging scans have low diagnostic accuracy in differentiating active infections from old cured lesions [13]. Immunodiagnostic modalities that detect circulating antigens in patients' sera or faecal samples have been investigated [14,15]. In addition to crude extracts [16] and excretoryesecretory products (ESP) [16,17], diverse molecules have been used to detect specific antibody levels in the sera, i.e.…”