Child sexual revictimization by multiple perpetrators

Kellogg, Nancy D.; Hoffman, Thomas J.

doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(97)00056-2

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A maioria das pacientes deste estudo foram vitimadas por agressor único. Há dados consistentes que apontam seqüelas psicológicas mais severas quando o abuso sexual é perpetrado por múltiplos perpetradores, principalmente durante a infância e a adolescência 25 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Study of mechanisms and factors related to sexual abuse in female children and adolescents

Drezett¹,

Caballero²,

Juliano³

et al. 2001

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Objetivo: estudar mecanismos e fatores relacionados com o abuso sexual, comparando suas freqüências entre vítimas crianças e adolescentes.Métodos: estudo retrospectivo de 617 vítimas de abuso sexual atendidas entre julho de 1994 e agosto de 1999 pelo Centro de Referência da Saúde da Mulher; 71 crianças (idade < 10 anos) e 546 adolescentes (10 a 20 anos). As variáveis de estudo foram crime sexual; constrangimento; presunção de violência; tipificação do agressor; número de agressores; situação da vítima no momento do crime; e ocorrência de traumas físicos. Os dados foram informatizados em programa Epi Info 6 e os resultados analisados pelo teste de c².Resultados: o estupro ocorreu em 90,8% das adolescentes e o atentado violento ao pudor em 46,5% das crianças. A violência presumida (VP) foi mais freqüente nas crianças (63,4%) e a grave ameaça nas adolescentes (63,2%). A inocencia consilli foi VP exclusiva entre crianças, atingindo 59,5% das adolescentes. Entre crianças, 84,5% foram abusadas por agressores identificáveis, geralmente do núcleo familiar, enquanto desconhecidos violentaram 72,3% das adolescentes. Nas crianças, o abuso ocorreu em 42,3% em suas residências e em 28,2% na do agressor. Adolescentes foram vitimadas durante atividades cotidianas (34,8%) e no percurso do trabalho ou escola (28,4%). A maioria das pacientes não apresentou traumas físicos genitais ou extragenitais.Conclusões: crianças foram submetidas, principalmente, ao atentado violento ao pudor, perpetrado por agressor conhecido, por meio de violência presumida e em ambientes privados. Nas adolescentes predominou o estupro por agressores desconhecidos, sob grave ameaça, em ambientes não domésticos. AbstractObjective: to study the frequency of sexual abuse in children and adolescents and its related factors.Methods: retrospective analysis of 617 cases of sexual abuse, assisted between July 1994 and August 1999 at the Women's Health Reference Center, divided into two groups: 71 children (age <10 years), and 546 adolescents (age > or =10 and <20 years). The analyzed variables were: sexual crime; embarrassment; presumption of violence; characteristics and number of abusers; the victim's situation at the moment of the crime; and occurrence of physical traumas. Epi Info 6 software was utilized to gather data, and the results were analyzed by the chi-square test.Results: significant statistic results were found. 90.8% of the adolescents were victims of rape, and 46.5% of the children suffered sexual assault. The presupposed violence (PV) was more frequent in the group of children (63.4%) and a serious threat in the group of adolescents (63.2%). Innocentia consilli was exclusive PV among 100% of children and 59..5% of adolescents. 84.5% of children were molested by identifiable abusers, most frequently family members. Perpetrators were unknown in 72.3% of the cases of adolescent abuse. 42.3% of sexual abuse of children occurred in their homes, and 28.2% at the abuser's. Adolescents were approached during daily activities (34.8%) and on their way to w...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Study of mechanisms and factors related to sexual abuse in female children and adolescents

Drezett¹,

Caballero²,

Juliano³

et al. 2001

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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show abstract

“…Studies done on adolescents and youths report a range of percentages similar to those found in adult retrospective reports. Bayatpour and associates (1992) reported that almost 15% of teens they surveyed had been sexually abused, whereas Kellogg and Hoffman (1997) found much higher rates of sexual victimization among females (54%) compared to males (15%). Although the estimated rates vary across studies, the clear pattern is high rates of abuse whether retrospective reports or youth samples are used.…”

Section: Rates Of Early Childhood Sexual Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Early Sexual Abuse on Later Sexual Victimization Among Female Homeless and Runaway Adolescents

Tyler

Hoyt

Whitbeck

2000

J Interpers Violence

170

169

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Based on risk amplification and victimization theories, path analysis was used to investigate the effects of early sexual abuse on later sexual victimization among 361 female homeless and runaway adolescents in four midwestern states. Results indicated that early sexual abuse in the home had a positive direct effect on sexual victimization of adolescents on the streets. Early sexual abuse also increased the likelihood of later sexual victimization indirectly by increasing the amount of time at risk, deviant peer associations, and incidents of survival sex. Young women who leave dysfunctional and disorganized homes often characterized by abuse continue on negative developmental trajectories once they reach the streets. The social context of street life puts these adolescents in close proximity to potential offenders and exposes them to crime and criminals. The combination of a negative developmental trajectory and the high-risk street environment increases these young women's chances of being sexually victimized.

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“…Indeed, Grauerholz (2000) argues that current explanations for recurrent (sexual) victimization, which focus on the victim's traits and behaviours rather than either perpetrator characteristics or wider sociocultural influence, actually help to promote victim-blaming. Given that CSA victims, particularly those abused by multiple perpetrators, are known to internalize high levels of self-blame (Kellogg & Hoffman, 1997), it is important to ascertain the extent to which observers attribute blame to victim in respect of both revictimization and repeat victimization.…”

Section: Victim's Abuse Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Victim age, attractiveness and, abuse history as factors in the perception of a hypothetical child sexual abuse case

Rogers

Josey

Davies

2007

Journal of Sexual Aggression

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This study examines the effect of victim age, victim attractiveness, the victim's abuse history and respondent gender have on attributions of blame and credibility towards a female victim in a hypothetical child sexual abuse case. A total of 397 respondents from a community sample read a hypothetical child sexual abuse (CSA) scenario in which victim age, victim attractiveness and the victim's abuse history were manipulated. Respondents then completed a 16-item blame attribution questionnaire. Several predictions were made. First, a 10-year-old victim would be deemed less blameworthy and more credible than a 15-year-old victim. Secondly, an attractive victim would be viewed more positively, and attributed less blame, than an unattractive victim. Thirdly, a victim with previous history of being sexual abused *either by the same or different perpetrators *would be deemed more culpable for their own CSA than a first time victim. Finally, female respondents were expected to take a more pro-victim and anti-perpetrator stance than males. Whilst comparatively few differences were found across victim attractiveness and abuse history. Overall findings were broadly in line with predictions. It was concluded that victim age and respondent gender play particularly important roles in the attribution of blame towards victims and perpetrators of child sexual abuse.

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Child sexual revictimization by multiple perpetrators

Cited by 43 publications

References 9 publications

Study of mechanisms and factors related to sexual abuse in female children and adolescents

Study of mechanisms and factors related to sexual abuse in female children and adolescents

The Effects of Early Sexual Abuse on Later Sexual Victimization Among Female Homeless and Runaway Adolescents

Victim age, attractiveness and, abuse history as factors in the perception of a hypothetical child sexual abuse case

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