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This chapter draws together and reviews existing evidence on the relationship between personality traits and social structure. It is argued that broad influences in the social environment play an important, yet often neglected, role in shaping patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior across life. For example, recent research has utilized representative samples to demonstrate that commonly experienced life events including adopting adult roles may induce personality change, as conceptualized within the Big Five hierarchical framework. Conversely, early-emerging differences in personality have been shown to forecast subsequent social outcomes and contribute to socially patterned differences between individuals. To provide an ordered approach to understanding the current state of knowledge on the relationship between personality and social change the chapter is structured as follows:First, it overviews the nature of the Big Five trait dimensions and how personality may change, particularly in response to "the settings and conditions of our lives" as gauged by social indicators (e.g. employment and marital status, parenthood, income, and education) (MacLachlan, 2014). Then it switches focus to findings elucidating how personality shapes social circumstances. Finally, drawing on socioecological and geographical psychology it examines the macro-level relationship between personality and social structure and the implications of this relationship for informing intervention and policy design. Key methodological challenges and limitations of existing studies are elucidated throughout and future directions highlighted.
This chapter draws together and reviews existing evidence on the relationship between personality traits and social structure. It is argued that broad influences in the social environment play an important, yet often neglected, role in shaping patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior across life. For example, recent research has utilized representative samples to demonstrate that commonly experienced life events including adopting adult roles may induce personality change, as conceptualized within the Big Five hierarchical framework. Conversely, early-emerging differences in personality have been shown to forecast subsequent social outcomes and contribute to socially patterned differences between individuals. To provide an ordered approach to understanding the current state of knowledge on the relationship between personality and social change the chapter is structured as follows:First, it overviews the nature of the Big Five trait dimensions and how personality may change, particularly in response to "the settings and conditions of our lives" as gauged by social indicators (e.g. employment and marital status, parenthood, income, and education) (MacLachlan, 2014). Then it switches focus to findings elucidating how personality shapes social circumstances. Finally, drawing on socioecological and geographical psychology it examines the macro-level relationship between personality and social structure and the implications of this relationship for informing intervention and policy design. Key methodological challenges and limitations of existing studies are elucidated throughout and future directions highlighted.
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