Childhood trauma and personality explain more variance in depression scores than sociodemographic and lifestyle factors – Results from the BiDirect Study

Schneider, Gudrun; Köhnke, Corinna; Teismann, Henning; Berger, Klaus

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110513

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Our results provide depression/neuroticism heritability estimates and estimates for proportion of variance attributable to self-reported trauma exposure in line with previous literature. [47][48][49] Findings also suggest the subcategories, childhood, adult, and catastrophic, trauma explain a substantial proportion of CIDI depression variance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-by-Trauma Exposure Interactions in Adults With Depression in the UK Biobank

et al. 2022

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ImportanceSelf-reported trauma exposure has consistently been found to be a risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD), and several studies have reported interactions with genetic liability. To date, most studies have examined gene-environment interactions with trauma exposure using genome-wide variants (single-nucleotide variations [SNVs]) or polygenic scores, both typically capturing less than 3% of phenotypic risk variance.ObjectiveTo reexamine genome-by-trauma interaction associations using genetic measures using all available genotyped data and thus, maximizing accounted variance.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe UK Biobank study was conducted from April 2007 to May 1, 2016 (follow-up mental health questionnaire). The current study used available cross-sectional genomic and trauma exposure data from UK Biobank. Participants who completed the mental health questionnaire and had available genetic, trauma experience, depressive symptoms, and/or neuroticism information were included. Data were analyzed from April 1 to August 30, 2021.ExposuresTrauma and genome-by-trauma exposure interactions.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMeasures of self-reported depression, neuroticism, and trauma exposure with whole-genome SNV data are available from the UK Biobank study. Here, a mixed-model statistical approach using genetic, trauma exposure, and genome-by-trauma exposure interaction similarity matrices was used to explore sources of variation in depression and neuroticism.ResultsAnalyses were conducted on 148 129 participants (mean [SD] age, 56 [7] years) of which 76 995 were female (52.0%). The study approach estimated the heritability (SE) of MDD to be approximately 0.160 (0.016). Subtypes of self-reported trauma exposure (catastrophic, adult, childhood, and full trauma) accounted for a significant proportion of the variance of MDD, with heritability (SE) ranging from 0.056 (0.013) to 0.176 (0.025). The proportion of MDD risk variance accounted for by significant genome-by-trauma interaction revealed estimates (SD) ranging from 0.074 (0.006) to 0.201 (0.009). Results from sex-specific analyses found genome-by-trauma interaction variance estimates approximately 5-fold greater for MDD in male participants (0.441 [0.018]) than in female participants (0.086 [0.009]).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study used an approach combining all genome-wide SNV data when exploring genome-by-trauma interactions in individuals with MDD; findings suggest that such interactions were associated with depression manifestation. Genome-by-trauma interaction accounts for greater trait variance in male individuals, which points to potential differences in depression etiology between the sexes. The methodology used in this study can be extrapolated to other environmental factors to identify modifiable risk environments and at-risk groups to target with interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-by-Trauma Exposure Interactions in Adults With Depression in the UK Biobank

et al. 2022

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“…Taken together, our cohort represents a rather well-educated and healthy population ( Teismann et al, 2014 ; Schneider et al, 2021 ) with only small sex discrepancies in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Nevertheless, as expected and generally observed in populations from high-income countries, men showed a slightly worse cardiovascular risk factor profile, whereas women reported more depressive symptoms ( Lerner and Kannel, 1986 ; Seedat et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

The Relative Importance of Vascular Risk Factors on Early Cognitive Aging Varies Only Slightly Between Men and Women

Bonberg

Wulms

Berger

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the sex-specific course and impact of vascular risk factors on cognitive aging in a rather young and healthy community-dwelling cohort.MethodsWe used data from a population-based cohort study, collected three times during 6 years, comprising 1,911 examinations from 798 participants aged 35–66 years at baseline. Cognitive performance on the Color-Word-Interference-Test, the Trail Making Tests (TMT) A&B, the Word Fluency Test, a 12-item word list, the Purdue Pegboard Test and a principal component global score were used as outcomes in linear mixed models. We evaluated (1) sex differences in cognitive trajectories, (2) the mediating role of hypertension, diabetes, smoking and obesity [body mass index (BMI) > 30] on sex differences and (3) in sex-stratified analyses, potential sex-specific effects of these risk factors on cognition.ResultsFor all cognitive tests, we observed cognitive decline with age. Rates of decline slightly differed across sexes, showing a later but steeper decline for women in tests of memory (word list) and word fluency, but a steeper decline for men in tests of psychomotor speed and mental set shifting (TMT A&B) in older age. Women generally scored better on cognitive tests, but the slightly higher prevalence of classical vascular risks factors in men in our cohort could not explain these sex differences. Sex-stratified analyses revealed a generally small, concordantly negative, but quantitatively slightly different impact of diabetes, smoking and obesity on cognitive functions but mixed effects for arterial hypertension, depending on the blood pressure values, the treatment status and the duration of arterial hypertension.ConclusionCognitive sex differences in this rather young and healthy cohort could not be explained by a differing prevalence of vascular risks factors across sexes. The association of cardiovascular risk factors with cognition, however, slightly differed between men and women, whereby effects were generally small. Whereas longtime diabetes, obesity and smoking had a sex-specific, but concordantly negative impact on psychomotor speed, executive and motor functions, we found some opposing effects for arterial hypertension. Our results can help to identify sex-specific susceptibilities to modifiable risk factors, to attract attention to potential information bias and to stimulate further research into alternative causes and mechanism of sex differences in cognitive aging.

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“…Our results provide depression and neuroticism heritability (proportion of variance captured by the common additive genetic variants) estimates and estimates for proportion of variance attributable to self-reported trauma exposure in line with previous literature. 57-59 Findings also suggest the sub-categories; childhood, adult and catastrophic trauma explain a substantial proportion of CIDI depression variance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Genome-by-Trauma Exposure Interaction Effects in Depression

Chuong

Adams

Kwong

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Self-reported trauma exposure has consistently been found to be a risk factor for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and several studies have reported interactions with genetic liability. To date, most studies have examined interaction effects with trauma exposure using genome-wide variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs) or polygenic scores, both typically capturing less than 3% of phenotypic risk variance. We sought to re-examine genome-by-trauma interaction effects using genetic measures utilising all available genotyped data and thus, maximising accounted variance. Methods Measures of self-reported depression, neuroticism and trauma exposure for 148 129 participants with whole genome SNP data are available from the UK Biobank study. Here, we used a mixed-model statistical approach utilising genetic, trauma exposure and genome-by-trauma exposure interaction similarity matrices to explore sources of variation in depression and neuroticism. Findings Our approach estimated the heritability of MDD to be approximately 0.160 [SE 0.016]. Subtypes of self-reported trauma exposure (catastrophic, adult, childhood and full trauma) accounted for a significant proportion of the variance of each trait, ranging from 0.056 [SE 0.013] to 0.176 [SE 0.025]. The proportion of MDD risk variance accounted for by significant genome-by-trauma interaction ranged from 0.074 [SE 0.006] to 0.201 [SE 0.009]. Results from sex-specific analyses found genome-by-trauma interaction variance estimates approximately 5-fold greater for MDD in males than in females. Interpretation This is the first study to utilise an approach combining all genome-wide SNP data when exploring genome-by-trauma interaction effects in MDD and present evidence that interaction effects are influential in depression manifestation. This effect accounts for greater trait variance within males which points to potential differences in depression aetiology between the sexes. The methodology utilised in this study can be extrapolated to other environmental factors to identify modifiable risk environments and at-risk groups to target with interventions.

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Childhood trauma and personality explain more variance in depression scores than sociodemographic and lifestyle factors – Results from the BiDirect Study

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Genome-by-Trauma Exposure Interactions in Adults With Depression in the UK Biobank

Genome-by-Trauma Exposure Interactions in Adults With Depression in the UK Biobank

The Relative Importance of Vascular Risk Factors on Early Cognitive Aging Varies Only Slightly Between Men and Women

Genome-by-Trauma Exposure Interaction Effects in Depression

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