“…In addition, EAE mice injected with placental EVs showed a decrease in T cell proliferation, increase Treg cell, and a subsequent decrease in inflammation adding weight to these findings [101,102]. The same effects were observed in EVs produced from bone marrow, periodontal ligament cells, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord mesenchyme, which raised the levels of protective cytokines, such as IL10, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF-1α), but reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and NALP-3 [94,96,[103][104][105][106][107][108][109].…”