China’s Global Shipping Connectivity: Internal and External Dynamics in the Contemporary Era (1890–2016)

Ducruet, César; Wang, Liehui

doi:10.1007/s11769-018-0942-x

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Merchant shipping probably is responsible for much of the recent increase in especially Chinese bottles (13). Merchant ship traffic globally increased 4-fold from 1992 to 2012 (34), and there is an increasingly busy shipping lane from South America to Asia, principally China (35,36). In 2016, more than 2,400 cargo vessels passed Tristan, for an average of 6.6 per day (37).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid increase in Asian bottles in the South Atlantic Ocean indicates major debris inputs from ships

Ryan

Dilley

Ronconi

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

131

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Most plastic debris floating at sea is thought to come from land-based sources, but there is little direct evidence to support this assumption. Since 1984, stranded debris has been recorded along the west coast of Inaccessible Island, a remote, uninhabited island in the central South Atlantic Ocean that has a very high macrodebris load (∼5 kg·m−1). Plastic drink bottles show the fastest growth rate, increasing at 15% per year compared with 7% per year for other debris types. In 2018, we examined 2,580 plastic bottles and other containers (one-third of all debris items) that had accumulated on the coast, and a further 174 bottles that washed ashore during regular monitoring over the course of 72 d (equivalent to 800 bottles·km−1·y−1). The oldest container was a high-density polyethylene canister made in 1971, but most were polyethylene terephthalate drink bottles of recent manufacture. Of the bottles that washed up during our survey, 90% were date-stamped within 2 y of stranding. In the 1980s, two-thirds of bottles derived from South America, carried 3,000 km by the west wind drift. By 2009, Asia had surpassed South America as the major source of bottles, and by 2018, Asian bottles comprised 73% of accumulated and 83% of newly arrived bottles, with most made in China. The rapid growth in Asian debris, mainly from China, coupled with the recent manufacture of these items, indicates that ships are responsible for most of the bottles floating in the central South Atlantic Ocean, in contravention of International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships regulations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid increase in Asian bottles in the South Atlantic Ocean indicates major debris inputs from ships

Ryan

Dilley

Ronconi

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The industry continues to restructure by seeking strategic alliances and cooperative agreements (Hirata, ; Milne, , ; Moss, ). Other factors impacting the industry include consumer demand, weakened globalization, and operational challenges (Ducruet, ; Ducruet et al, ; Ducruet, Cuyala, & El Hosni, ; Ducruet, Itoh, & Merk, ; Ducruet & Wang, ; Suarez‐Aleman, Sarriera, Serebrisky, & Trujillo, ).…”

Section: Future Developments and Growth Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global strategy gone astray: Maersk's big box boats and the world shipping industry

Anwar

2019

Thunderbird Intl Bus Rev

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A.P. Moller-Maersk Group (A.P. Moller-Maersk AS in Danish), commonly known as Maersk, is the world's largest global shipping conglomerate from Denmark and carries a rich history and corporate heritage in the industry. The company operates large container ships which are mostly known as "big box boats" in the industry. By using interdisciplinary literature and the shipping industry's operational routes and corporate developments, this case-based research analyzes and discusses Maersk's internationalization and its global strategies. Although Maersk aggressively sought internationalization and company-specific expansion, its global strategy and international expansion areas have encountered problems because of the slowdown of the global economy, de-globalization, and the U.S.-China trade tussle. The case-based research analyzes and discusses these issues within the areas of international business and the company's global strategies and industry-specific competition. Analystsand industry observers believe that Maersk will continue to be a major shipping and logistics firm and will thrive in global markets. At the same time, the company will be impacted by the changing competition, regulatory forces, and new technologies in logistics and global shipping. This case study also provides future developments and growth prospects of Maersk and the shipping industry. K E Y W O R D Scontainerization, containers, global strategy, Maersk, shipping industry

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“…It includes a total of 133, 117, 145 container ports in 1995, 2005, 2015, respectively. The same methodology was applied to a complementary source obtained from LLI, which condenses most of the world containerships' daily movements for the last decades. A good example of using such data is the recent study by Ducruet and Wang (2018) of China's global shipping connectivity since the late nineteenth century. We extracted the flows that occurred between China and all the ports situated along the MSR up to North Europe in order to map these flows at different points in time, namely 1997, 2001, 2005, 2009, 2013 and 2016.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

From hierarchy to networking: the evolution of the “twenty-first-century Maritime Silk Road” container shipping system

et al. 2018

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Container shipping gives a rise of international trade since the 1960s. Based on navigation data start from the mid-1990s to 2016, this paper empirically analyses the spatial pattern of China's international maritime linkages along the "twenty-first-century Maritime Silk Road". We interpret such evolutionary dynamics in terms of growth, hierarchical diffusion and networking phases. Networking is a new stage of the evolution of the port system, which is approached based on the graph theory, complex network methods and geomatics, the paper discusses the networking's basic characteristics: multi-hub spatial agglomeration, the connection of the network develops across space, functional differentiation and a division of labour appear among ports. Our results show that, while the scope of China's maritime linkages had expanded overtime, more foreign ports become connected to the "Maritime Silk Road". In addition, the external linkages of domestic ports tend to be dispersed, reflecting upon the decline of Pearl River Delta ports and the rise of Yangtze River Delta ports, with mixed evidence for the Bohai Rim region. Lastly, the analysis underlines the emergence of a polycentric shipping system, from the Hong Kong dominance to the more diversified Shanghai/Ningbo/Shenzhen configuration. Academic and managerial implications are included.

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China’s Global Shipping Connectivity: Internal and External Dynamics in the Contemporary Era (1890–2016)

Cited by 24 publications

References 39 publications

Rapid increase in Asian bottles in the South Atlantic Ocean indicates major debris inputs from ships

Rapid increase in Asian bottles in the South Atlantic Ocean indicates major debris inputs from ships

Global strategy gone astray: Maersk's big box boats and the world shipping industry

From hierarchy to networking: the evolution of the “twenty-first-century Maritime Silk Road” container shipping system

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