Chinese ginseng

Yang, M. S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821038-3.00049-5

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 120 publications

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“…The chemical structures of the three-basic ginseng saponins are shown in Figure 3 . The most abundant saponins are protopanaxadiol (PPD; e.g., Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Rg3, Rh2) and protopanaxatriol (PPT; e.g., Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2, Rh1) [ 30 ]. More than 40 ginsenosides have been isolated from the root of P. ginseng with Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rg3, Rh2, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2, and Rh1 being the major isolated ginsenosides.…”

Section: Ginseng Structural Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Efficacy of Ginseng against Respiratory Tract Infections

et al. 2021

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Respiratory tract infections are underestimated, as they are mild and generally not incapacitating. In clinical medicine, however, these infections are considered a prevalent problem. By 2030, the third most comprehensive reason for death worldwide will be chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), according to the World Health Organization. The current arsenal of anti-inflammatory drugs shows little or no benefits against COPD. For thousands of years, herbal drugs have been used to cure numerous illnesses; they exhibit promising results and enhance physical performance. Ginseng is one such herbal medicine, known to alleviate pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8) formed by macrophages and epithelial cells. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action of ginsenoside are still not fully understood. Various clinical trials of ginseng have exhibited a reduction of repeated colds and the flu. In this review, ginseng’s structural features, the pathogenicity of microbial infections, and the immunomodulatory, antiviral, and anti-bacterial effects of ginseng were discussed. The focus was on the latest animal studies and human clinical trials that corroborate ginseng’s role as a therapy for treating respiratory tract infections. The article concluded with future directions and significant challenges. This review would be a valuable addition to the knowledge base for researchers in understanding the promising role of ginseng in treating respiratory tract infections. Further analysis needs to be re-focused on clinical trials to study ginseng’s efficacy and safety in treating pathogenic infections and in determining ginseng-drug interactions.

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Section: Ginseng Structural Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Efficacy of Ginseng against Respiratory Tract Infections

et al. 2021

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Target Capture Reveals the Complex Origin of Vietnamese Ginseng

Nguyen

Pham

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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The global market of the medicinal plant ginseng is worth billions of dollars. Many ginseng species are threatened in the wild and effective sustainable development initiatives are necessary to preserve biodiversity at species and genetic level whilst meeting the demand for medicinal produce. This is also the case of Panax vietnamensis Ha & Grushv., an endemic and threatened ginseng species in Vietnam that is locally cultivated at different scales and has been the object of national breeding programs. To investigate the genetic diversity within cultivated and wild populations of P. vietnamensis we captured 353 nuclear markers using the Angiosperm-353 probe set. Genetic diversity and population structure were evaluated for 319 individuals of Vietnamese ginseng across its area of distribution and from wild and a varying range of cultivated areas. In total, 319 individuals were sampled. After filtering, 1,181 SNPs were recovered. From the population statistics, we observe high genetic diversity and high genetic flow between populations. This is also supported by the STRUCTURE analysis. The intense gene flow between populations and very low genetic differentiation is observed regardless of the populations' wild or cultivated status. High levels of admixture from two ancestral populations exist in both wild and cultivated samples. The high gene flow between populations can be attributed to ancient and on-going practices of cultivation, which exist in a continuum from understorey, untended breeding to irrigated farm cultivation and to trade and exchange activities. These results highlight the importance of partnering with indigenous peoples and local communities and taking their knowledge into account for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development of plants of high cultural value.

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Chinese ginseng

Cited by 2 publications

References 120 publications

Pharmacological Efficacy of Ginseng against Respiratory Tract Infections

Pharmacological Efficacy of Ginseng against Respiratory Tract Infections

Target Capture Reveals the Complex Origin of Vietnamese Ginseng

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