Chiral analysis of pollutants and their metabolites by capillary electromigration methods

Abstract

Chiral analysis of pollutants and their metabolites by capillary electromigration methodsChiral separation of enantiomers is one of the most challenging tasks for any analytical technique including CE. Since the first report in 1985 showing the great possibilities of CE for the separation of chiral compounds, the amount of publications concerning this topic has quickly increased. Although chiral electromigration methods have mainly been used for enantioseparation of drugs and pharmaceuticals, they have also been applied to analyze chiral pollutants. This article intends to provide an updated overview, including works published till January 2005, on the principal applications of CE to the chiral analysis of pollutants and their metabolites, with especial emphasis on articles published in the last 10 years. The main advantages and drawbacks regarding the use of CE for chiral separation of pollutants are addressed including some discussion on the foreseen trends of electromigration procedures applied to chiral analysis of contaminants. IntroductionSeparation of chiral compounds is an interesting and challenging topic of research in many analytical chemistry areas, especially in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, and environmental fields where pure enantiomeric forms are widely required. It is already well-known that enantiomers, in spite of their very similar structure, when exposed to an identical biological environment can show very different biological activity. Furthermore, as a general rule, when the toxicological effect of an active substance is directly related to its desired biological activity, the most active isomer is usually the most toxic one Abbreviations: Allyl-TER, 1-allylterguride; ANDSA, 7-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid; ANSA, 5-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid; ANTS, 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid; CA, chrysanthemic acid; CM-ª-CD, carboxymethylated-g-CD; CMBA, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutanoic acid; 2,2-CPPA, 2-(2-chlorophenoxy)-propionic acid; 2,3-CPPA, 2-(3-chlorophenoxy)-propionic acid; 2,4-CPPA, 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-propionic acid; â-CD-NH 2 , 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-b-CD; â-CD- (NH 3 )

Sensitive chiral analysis by CE: An update

“…Some reviews have been published in the last years covering the chiral separation of drugs [8][9][10] or pollutants and their metabolites [11]. The aim of this review is to provide a general view of the different strategies that have been used in the last years in order to enhance the sensitivity of detection in chiral analysis by CE with application to the analysis of drugs or biological, environmental, or food samples.…”

Review of aqueous chiral electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) with an emphasis on chiral microemulsion EKC

“…Due to the vast exploration in this subject, numerous reviews detailing fundamentals and applications can be found in the literature prior to 2005 [6][7][8][9][10][11] and over the past two years [12][13][14][15]. Reviews have also covered methods developed specifically for pharmaceutical compounds [16][17][18][19][20][21][22], biological compounds [23], chiral LC-MS/ CE-MS [24], pesticides [25], pollutants [26], and food additives [27,28].…”

Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis

“…For instance, the following reviews have appeared in the literature during the mentioned period dealing with the application of CE methods to the analysis of interesting compounds in food analysis, including amino acids [2], antibiotics [3], bioactive amines [4], phenolic compounds [5], flavonoids [6], natural antioxidants [7], carboxylic acids [8], pesticides [9][10][11], proteins [12,13], and pigments [14]. In addition, some other published reviews were focused on discussing the different applications of a particular CE technique, including food analysis.…”