Chitin and chitosan-based blends and composites

Singha, Nayan Ranjan; Deb, Mousumi; Chattopadhyay, Pijush Kanti

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823791-5.00013-2

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 221 publications

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“…The semi-product of hydroxyalkylation with GL further reacted with EC (Figure 9, Table 2, entries 7, 9-11, 13,17,19,21,23,24).…”

Section: Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, it finds its applications in medicine, tissue engineering, and cosmetic products. [8][9][10][11][12][13] CS includes a group of polymers with different molecular weights, various degree of deacetylation, and variable contribution of both, acetylated and deacetylated subunits within the polymeric chain, which all influence the conditions of further reactions of these CS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, CS is biodegradable, biocompatible, and not toxic. Accordingly, it finds its applications in medicine, tissue engineering, and cosmetic products 8–13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyols and polyurethane foams based on chitosans of various molecular weights

Strzałka,

Dębska,

Lubczak

2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Shrinking resources of fossil oil prompt search for other biosphere‐present substrates to obtain polyols, which in turn are basic components to synthesize polyurethane foams (PUF). Widely available examples are biopolymers like starch, cellulose, and chitosan. It has been shown that oligomeric chitosan as well as water soluble chitosan can be applied to obtain polyols and rigid PUF of good performance properties. In this paper, the higher molecular mass chitosans, insoluble in organic solvents and water, were converted to polyols and ultimately into foamed polyurethane plastics. The polyols were characterized by the infrared spectra (IR), 1H‐NMR, and MALDI‐ToF methods. Their properties, such as density, viscosity, surface tension and hydroxyl numbers, were determined. The PUF were obtained from these polyols of various molecular mass. The biodegradable, rigid PUF of enhanced thermal resistance were obtained. Their physical parameters like apparent density, water volume absorption, dimension stability, heat conductance, compressive strength, and heat resistance at 150 and 175°C were studied and compared with those synthesized previously from oligomeric chitosan and water soluble chitosan.

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“…The semi-product of hydroxyalkylation with GL further reacted with EC (Figure 9, Table 2, entries 7, 9-11, 13,17,19,21,23,24).…”

Section: Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyols and polyurethane foams based on chitosans of various molecular weights

Strzałka,

Dębska,

Lubczak

2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Generally, chitosan is a biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-toxic polymer with some antigen properties [ 15 ]. It is used in tissue engineering and as an ingredient of drug delivery systems, diet supplements, cosmetics, in plant cultivation, and in environmental technologies [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], and also to separate dyes and heavy-metal ions [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyols and Polyurethane Foams Based on Water-Soluble Chitosan

Strzałka

Lubczak

2023

Polymers

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At present, majority of polyols used in the synthesis of polyurethane foams are of petrochemical origin. The decreasing availability of crude oil imposes the necessity to convert other naturally existing resources, such as plant oils, carbohydrates, starch, or cellulose, as substrates for polyols. Within these natural resources, chitosan is a promising candidate. In this paper, we have attempted to use biopolymeric chitosan to obtain polyols and rigid polyurethane foams. Four methods of polyol synthesis from water-soluble chitosan functionalized by reactions of hydroxyalkylation with glycidol and ethylene carbonate with variable environment were elaborated. The chitosan-derived polyols can be obtained in water in the presence of glycerol or in no-solvent conditions. The products were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, and MALDI-TOF methods. Their properties, such as density, viscosity, surface tension, and hydroxyl numbers, were determined. Polyurethane foams were obtained from hydroxyalkylated chitosan. The foaming of hydroxyalkylated chitosan with 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, water, and triethylamine as catalysts was optimized. The four types of foams obtained were characterized by physical parameters such as apparent density, water uptake, dimension stability, thermal conductivity coefficient, compressive strength, and heat resistance at 150 and 175 °C. It has been found that the obtained materials had most of the properties similar to those of classic rigid polyurethane foams, except for an increased thermal resistance up to 175 °C. The chitosan-based polyols and polyurethane foams obtained from them are biodegradable: the polyol is completely biodegraded, while the PUF obtained thereof is 52% biodegradable within 28 days in the soil biodegradation oxygen demand test.

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“…Chitosan is supplied in powder or flake form but is used as an adsorbent in the form of hydrogel beads [ 20 , 21 , 22 ] which is advantageous when used in large-scale water treatment with packed columns because the powder or flakes can cause a significant drop in hydrodynamic pressure or clogging of the column [ 20 , 23 , 24 ]. Improved functional properties of chitosan can be attained by combining it with other components to produce composites [ 25 ]. Chitosan can be utilized as a polymeric matrix to disperse other adsorbent materials or dispersed in other polymeric matrices (e.g., alginate), for the obtention of hydrogel-adsorbent composite beads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenate Removal from Aqueous Media Using Chitosan-Magnetite Hydrogel by Batch and Fixed-Bed Columns

Verduzco-Navarro

Mendizábal

Rivera-Mayorga

et al. 2022

Gels

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The removal of arsenate ions from aqueous solutions at near-neutral pH was carried out using chitosan-magnetite (ChM) hydrogel beads in batch systems. Equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies are reported. Obtained equilibrium and kinetic data were fitted to mathematical models, estimating model parameters by non-linear regression analysis. Langmuir model was found to best fit equilibrium data; a maximum adsorption capacity of 66.9 mg As/g was estimated at pH 7.0. Pseudo-first order kinetic model was observed to best fit kinetic data. The pH of the solution was observed to increase with increasing contact time, which is attributed to protonation of amine groups present in the hydrogel. Protonation of functional groups in the ChM sorbent yields a higher number of active sites for arsenate removal, being as this a process that can’t be overlooked in future applications of ChM hydrogel for the removal or arsenate ions. Chitosan-magnetite and ChM-arsenate interactions were determined by XPS. Arsenate removal using fixed-bed column packed with ChM was carried out, reporting a non-ideal behavior attributed to pH increase of the effluent caused by proton transfer to ChM hydrogels.

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Chitin and chitosan-based blends and composites

Cited by 8 publications

References 221 publications

Polyols and polyurethane foams based on chitosans of various molecular weights

Polyols and polyurethane foams based on chitosans of various molecular weights

Polyols and Polyurethane Foams Based on Water-Soluble Chitosan

Arsenate Removal from Aqueous Media Using Chitosan-Magnetite Hydrogel by Batch and Fixed-Bed Columns

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