Chitin extraction and chitosan production from cell wall of two mushroom species (Lactarius vellereus and Phyllophora ribis)

Abstract

Abstract.Chitin is an important polysaccharide found as supporting material in the cell wall of mushrooms. In this study, chitin and chitosan were obtained from the cell wall of two different mushroom species using chemical method and physicochemically characterized. The dry weight chitin contents of the mushroom species were determined as 11.4% for Lactarius vellereus and 7.9% for Phyllophora ribis. Chitosan yields of the chitins isolated from L. vellereus and P. ribis were 73.1% and 75.3%, respectively. While, the maximum degradation temperatures of L. vellereus and P. ribis chitins were found to be 354°C and 275°C by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the maximum degradation temperature of the chitosans obtained from these chitins were recorded as 262°C and 229°C, respectively. The crystalline index values of L. vellereus and P. ribis chitins were calculated as 64% and 49%, respectively according to the X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) results. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that there were no nanofiber or nanopores on the surface of the chitins and chitosans obtained from these two mushroom species. The results of this study revealed that L. vellereus and P. ribis had higher chitin contents than some other insects and mushroom species recorded in the literature and these species may be used as a potential chitin sources.

Isolation and characterization of chitosan from Ugandan edible mushrooms, Nile perch scales and banana weevils for biomedical applications.

“…Furthermore, the percentage yield of chitosan from chitin in this study ranged from 70.2% to 82%. These results corroborate well with the chitosan yield reported by Erdogan et al, [20].…”

“…The percentage of chitin obtained in previous studies ranged from 2.5-12.2% for insects [19], 7.9-11.4% for mushrooms [20] and 33-45% in sh scales [21]. The dry weight of chitin obtained in this study was 11.8%, 9.9% and 39% for banana weevils (BW), mushrooms (MSR) and Nile perch scales (NS) respectively falling within the ranges of the previous studies.…”

Effective Harvesting of Nannochloropsis Microalgae Using Mushroom Chitosan: A Pilot-Scale Study

“…From the mushroom powder used, 17.22 g of crude extract was obtained after the first alkaline treatment. The first alkaline treatment was necessary to remove the protein contaminants ( Wu et al, 2004 ; Mohammed et al, 2013 ; Erdogan et al, 2017 ). The amount of crude extract was further reduced after the second alkaline treatment to 6.16 g, which equates to a 12.32% yield.…”

“…However, crustacean-sourced chitosan has several disadvantages including heavy metal contamination ( Ghormade et al, 2017 ). Previous studies have shown that chitosan can also be extracted from mushrooms ( Yen and Mau, 2006 ; Erdogan et al, 2017 ) or even mushroom wastes ( Wu et al, 2004 ). Thus, in this study, we produced and tested the effectiveness of mushroom chitosan for flocculating Nannochloropsis cells.…”

Natural Polymers from Biomass Resources as Feedstocks for Thermoplastic Materials

“…The source and origin mainly determine the crystallinity, purity, and polymer chain arrangement . Up until now, waste crustacean biomass has been the preferred source for chitin isolation; however, techniques to extract chitin from other sources such as sponges, corals, mushrooms, insects, and worms are emerging. Prior to isolation from crustacean waste, contaminants such as proteins, enzymes, minerals, and natural pigments have to be removed.…”