Chitin nanowhisker-supported sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) proton exchange for fuel cell applications

Zhang, Chan; Zhuang, Xupin; Li, Xiaojie; Wang, Wei; Kang, Weimin; Cai, Zhanjun; Li, Mengqin

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.029

Cited by 44 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The average aspect ratio (L/d, L being the length and d the diameter) of these nanowhiskers is 15.9. Dimensions are similar to other previously reported works for chitin nanowhiskers from shrimp shells with lengths ranging from 150 to 500nm and widths close to 20 nm [30] .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Reinforcement of poly (vinyl alcohol) films with alpha-chitin nanowhiskers

Oliveira

2018

Polímeros

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Composites Films were produced using Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) as the soft material and reinforced with Chitin Nanowhiskers(NWCH) as the rigid material. The present work studies the reinforcing mechanisms of NWCH in PVA films, made through a solvent casting technique and characterized for their calorimetric, swelling and mechanical properties. DSC tests revealed a sharp increase of 45 °C in glass transition temperatures with only 1.5% NWCH, while melting temperature had a small increases suggesting an anti-plasticizing effect. Swelling tests revealed decreasing hygoscopy when NWCH volume fraction increases. Estimates for elastic tensile modulus using a model that predicts the formation of a percolating network were not consistent with the experimental data of tensile tests suggesting that contrary to the reinforcement with cellulose nanowhiskers the percolating network is not primarily responsible for the reinforcement of the films. By adjusting the Halpin-Tsai equations, modified by Nielsen it was found that the mechanical properties were mainly influenced by the packing of the NWCH.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Reinforcement of poly (vinyl alcohol) films with alpha-chitin nanowhiskers

Oliveira

2018

Polímeros

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“…In recent years, many researchers [ 75–79 ] have followed the method of Fan. The chitin was firstly suspended in water containing TEMPO and NaBr, and then an appropriate amount of NaClO solution was added to initiate the temperature‐mediated oxidation reaction of chitin.…”

Section: Preparation Methods Of Nano‐chitinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[74] The system operates at pH 7, NaClO and NaClO 2 can replace NaBr and NaClO, respectively, and NaClO 2 is the main oxidant instead of NaClO. [60] In recent years, many researchers [75][76][77][78][79] have followed the method of Fan. The chitin was firstly suspended in water containing TEMPO and NaBr, and then an appropriate amount of NaClO solution was added to initiate the temperature-mediated oxidation reaction of chitin.…”

Section: Tempo-mediated Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Preparation and Application of Nano‐Chitin Materials

Yang

Liu

Pei

et al. 2020

Energy & Environ Materials

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Chitin is a kind of natural macromolecule material which was first discovered in mushrooms and was widely found in the shells of crustaceans and arthropods, the cell walls of fungi (yeast and mold) and algae, and the mollusks. The original chitin in nature usually has an antiparallel molecular chain alignment forming nanofibers connected by inter-and intramolecular hydrogen bonds. These microfibers consist of nanofibers about 2-5 nm in diameter, and about 300 nm long, embedded by protein matrices. Due to their unique dimensional, optical, mechanical, and other characteristics, the preparation of nano-chitin materials is an important subject. It is possible to extract nano-chitins from their sources with various methods, including acid hydrolysis, mechanical disintegration, TEMPO-mediated oxidation, electrospinning, and others. In this article, the latest progress in recent years in the preparation and applications of nano-chitin were reviewed. The morphology of the nano-chitins obtained from the above methods was presented. The advantages and disadvantages of each method were analyzed. An overview of applications of nano-chitins was discussed, including biomedicine, food applications, water treatment, green electronic materials, enzyme immobilization carriers, cotton textile materials, cosmetics, and others. REVIEW Nano-Chitin Materials

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“…A number of research studies are available for AEMs based on PSFs, although PSF membranes are also utilized as PEMs. The synthesis of proton conducting sulfonated polyether sulfone (SPES) may be done through using precursors such as 4,4'-Dichlorodiphenylsulfone (DCDPS), or the sulfonation of commercial SPES [53,54]. Related durability issues, particularly theloss in mechanical strength upon a higher degree of sulfonation, limit this polymer's long-term lifetime under an actual fuel cell environment, requiring necessary modification strategies to tailor the morphological and molecular aspects.…”

Section: Improvements To Spi Pemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in the Development of Aromatic Polymer-Based Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications

et al. 2020

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Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) play a pivotal role in fuel cells; conducting protons from the anode to the cathode within the cell’s membrane electrode assembles (MEA) separates the reactant fuels and prevents electrons from passing through. High proton conductivity is the most important characteristic of the PEM, as this contributes to the performance and efficiency of the fuel cell. However, it is also important to take into account the membrane’s durability to ensure that it canmaintain itsperformance under the actual fuel cell’s operating conditions and serve a long lifetime. The current state-of-the-art Nafion membranes are limited due to their high cost, loss of conductivity at elevated temperatures due to dehydration, and fuel crossover. Alternatives to Nafion have become a well-researched topic in recent years. Aromatic-based membranes where the polymer chains are linked together by aromatic rings, alongside varying numbers of ether, ketone, or sulfone functionalities, imide, or benzimidazoles in their structures, are one of the alternatives that show great potential as PEMs due totheir electrochemical, mechanical, and thermal strengths. Membranes based on these polymers, such as poly(aryl ether ketones) (PAEKs) and polyimides (PIs), however, lack a sufficient level of proton conductivity and durability to be practical for use in fuel cells. Therefore, membrane modifications are necessary to overcome their drawbacks. This paper reviews the challenges associated with different types of aromatic-based PEMs, plus the recent approaches that have been adopted to enhance their properties and performance.

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Chitin nanowhisker-supported sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) proton exchange for fuel cell applications

Cited by 44 publications

References 23 publications

Reinforcement of poly (vinyl alcohol) films with alpha-chitin nanowhiskers

Reinforcement of poly (vinyl alcohol) films with alpha-chitin nanowhiskers

Recent Progress in Preparation and Application of Nano‐Chitin Materials

Recent Progress in the Development of Aromatic Polymer-Based Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications

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