Chitin synthase gene FgCHS8 affects virulence and fungal cell wall sensitivity to environmental stress in Fusarium graminearum

Zhang, Yazhou; Chen, Qing; Liu, Caihong; Liu, Yubin; Pan, Yi; Niu, Ke-Xin; Wang, Yanqing; Wang, Anqi; Yu, Haiyue; Pu, Zhien; Jiang, Qiantao; Wei, Yuming; Qi, Pengfei; Zheng, Yafeng

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2016.02.002

Cited by 33 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…These fungal classes, that we have called ESV ( Ectocarpus siliculosus Virus-like CHS) and CV (Chloroviruses-like CHS), were found in proteomes of some Ascomycota (Sordariomycetes, Dothideomycetes and Eurotiomycetes), some Basidiomycota (Ustilaginomycetes only possessing a ESV CHS), a Chytridiomycota (only possessing a CV CHS) and some Phycodnaviridae giant algal-viruses (Additional file 6: Table S4). The CV class was recently proposed as a new class VIII [24] but we do not recommend this denomination as class VIII is used for other distinct groups of putative CHS [10, 23] (Additional file 2: Table S2). Independent horizontal transfers of these chs genes with their neighboring genes, in fungal genomes from chloroviruses and phaeoviruses respectively, have already been suggested [32].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, CHS classification was extended to several basidiomycota species but by still following the same nomenclature used for Ascomycota species [22] (Table 1). Finally, a class VIII was recently proposed but it was for three completely distinct clades of putative CHS, resulting in an unusable classification [10, 23, 24]. Moreover, all these different classifications were initially based upon CHS sequences from Ascomycota and the actual classifications are not well suited to other fungi (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome-wide analyses of chitin synthases identify horizontal gene transfers towards bacteria and allow a robust and unifying classification into fungi

et al. 2016

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BackgroundChitin, the second most abundant biopolymer on earth after cellulose, is found in probably all fungi, many animals (mainly invertebrates), several protists and a few algae, playing an essential role in the development of many of them. This polysaccharide is produced by type 2 glycosyltransferases, called chitin synthases (CHS). There are several contradictory classifications of CHS isoenzymes and, as regards their evolutionary history, their origin and diversity is still a matter of debate.ResultsA genome-wide analysis resulted in the detection of more than eight hundred putative chitin synthases in proteomes associated with about 130 genomes. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with special care to avoid any pitfalls associated with the peculiarities of these sequences (e.g. highly variable regions, truncated or recombined sequences, long-branch attraction). This allowed us to revise and unify the fungal CHS classification and to study the evolutionary history of the CHS multigenic family. This update has the advantage of being user-friendly due to the development of a dedicated website (http://wwwabi.snv.jussieu.fr/public/CHSdb), and it includes any correspondences with previously published classifications and mutants. Concerning the evolutionary history of CHS, this family has mainly evolved via duplications and losses. However, it is likely that several horizontal gene transfers (HGT) also occurred in eukaryotic microorganisms and, even more surprisingly, in bacteria.ConclusionsThis comprehensive multi-species analysis contributes to the classification of fungal CHS, in particular by optimizing its robustness, consensuality and accessibility. It also highlights the importance of HGT in the evolutionary history of CHS and describes bacterial chs genes for the first time. Many of the bacteria that have acquired a chitin synthase are plant pathogens (e.g. Dickeya spp; Pectobacterium spp; Brenneria spp; Agrobacterium vitis and Pseudomonas cichorii). Whether they are able to produce a chitin exopolysaccharide or secrete chitooligosaccharides requires further investigation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0815-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide analyses of chitin synthases identify horizontal gene transfers towards bacteria and allow a robust and unifying classification into fungi

et al. 2016

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“…Nevertheless, the contribution of SA to wheat/ F. graminearum interaction remains unclear. SA has a significant and direct impact on F. graminearum since it reduces the efficiency of germination and mycelial growth at higher concentrations [24] by down regulating the chitin synthase gene FgCHS8 and the cis-12 linoleic acid isomerase gene FgLAI12 [31,32]. Wheat spikes accumulate more SA when infected with F. graminearum [22], which suggests an important role of SA in wheat FHB resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pRF-HU2 vector [46] was used to create Δ FgABCC9 mutants through homologous recombination. Transformation of F. graminearum was carried out similarly to our previous study [31]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fusarium graminearum ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Gene FgABCC9 Is Required for Its Transportation of Salicylic Acid, Fungicide Resistance, Mycelial Growth and Pathogenicity towards Wheat

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2018

IJMS

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ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters hydrolyze ATP to transport a wide range of substrates. Fusarium graminearum is a major causal agent of Fusarium head blight, which is a severe disease in wheat worldwide. FgABCC9 (FG05_07325) encodes an ABC-C (ABC transporter family C) transporter in F. graminearum, which was highly expressed during the infection in wheat and was up-regulated by the plant defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) and the fungicide tebuconazole. The predicted tertiary structure of the FgABCC9 protein was consistent with the schematic of the ABC exporter. Deletion of FgABCC9 resulted in decreased mycelial growth, increased sensitivity to SA and tebuconazole, reduced accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON), and less pathogenicity towards wheat. Re-introduction of a functional FgABCC9 gene into ΔFgABCC9 recovered the phenotypes of the wild type strain. Transgenic expression of FgABCC9 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased the accumulation of SA in its leaves without activating SA signaling, which suggests that FgABCC9 functions as an SA exporter. Taken together, FgABCC9 encodes an ABC exporter, which is critical for fungal exportation of SA, response to tebuconazole, mycelial growth, and pathogenicity towards wheat.

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The b‐ZIP transcription factor FgTfmI is required for the fungicide phenamacril tolerance and pathogenecity in Fusarium graminearum

Liu

Dawood

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of cereal crops worldwide mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum. Due to the unavailability of FHB‐resistant wheat cultivars, chemical fungicide application is currently the most effective approach for controlling FHB now. In the last few years, a novel cyanoacrylate fungicide, phenamacril, has been widely used in China for FHB disease management. In previous studies, we identified that myosin I (FgMyo1) is the target of phenamacril and is essential for mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis and fungal growth. However, the regulation of FgMYO1 gene expression is still largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, we identified a b‐ZIP transcription factor, FgTfmI, which regulates the mRNA expression of FgMYO1 upon phenamacril treatment. The FgTfmI directly binds to the promoter region of FgMYO1, and is required for the upregulation of FgMYO1 in response to phenamacril treatment. The deletion mutant of FgTFMI (ΔFgTfmI) displayed a slight growth defect, while it showed hypersensitivity to phenamacril, but not to other tested fungicides. FgTfmI also contributed to DON biosynthesis and the infection process in planta. CONCLUSIONS The transcription factor FgTfmI plays an important role in regulating transcription of the genes involved in phenamacril tolerance, DON biosynthesis and virulence in F. graminearum. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Chitin synthase gene FgCHS8 affects virulence and fungal cell wall sensitivity to environmental stress in Fusarium graminearum

Cited by 33 publications

References 51 publications

Genome-wide analyses of chitin synthases identify horizontal gene transfers towards bacteria and allow a robust and unifying classification into fungi

Genome-wide analyses of chitin synthases identify horizontal gene transfers towards bacteria and allow a robust and unifying classification into fungi

Fusarium graminearum ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Gene FgABCC9 Is Required for Its Transportation of Salicylic Acid, Fungicide Resistance, Mycelial Growth and Pathogenicity towards Wheat

The b‐ZIP transcription factor FgTfmI is required for the fungicide phenamacril tolerance and pathogenecity in Fusarium graminearum

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