Chitooligosaccharides Stimulate Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar L., Head Kidney Leukocytes to Enhanced Superoxide Anion Production In Vitro

Dietary administration of chitooligosaccharides to enhance growth, innate immune response and disease resistance of Trachinotus ovatus

“…The present study also demonstrated that the dietary application of COS had beneficial effects on the some non-specific immune functions of fish. Similar findings have also been reported in other animals including pigs [6], broilers [4] or fishs [7,8]. Neutrophil of T. ovatus is the main cell type for production of lysozme.…”

“…For these reasons, the biological activities of COS are of increasing interest in recent research. In fact, some studies regarding COS have already been conducted in either pigs [6], broilers [4] or fishes [7,8], and beneficial effects on growth performance, immunity, or blood profiles have been reported.…”

Immunomodulatory effects of dietary intake of chitin on gilthead seabream ( L.) innate immune system

“…Many immunostimulants from di#erent sources have been studied in fish, including chemical agents, bacterial components, nutritional factors or polysaccharides. Among the polysaccharides, -glucans have been most studied in fish (Yano et al, 1989;Brattgjerd et al, 1994;Robertsen et al, 1994;Samuel et al, 1996), although lentinan, schizophyllan, chitin and chitosan have also been tested (Sakai et al, 1992;Ho#man et al, 1997). Chitin is a polysaccharide and is the main component of insect and crustacean exoskeletons, and the cell walls of certain fungi.…”

Effects of injecting chitin particles on the innate immune response of gilthead seabream (L.)

“…Other polysaccharides, such as chitin, have not been studied or have been studied in little depth (Anderson & Siwicki, 1994). While chitin deacetylation seems to be of little importance for its stimulatory capacity (Ho#man et al, 1997), the size of particles seems to be directly related. Indeed, only phagocytosable chitin particles (<10 m) were able to trigger immune response in mice (Shibata et al, 1997a).…”