Chitosan: An Update on Potential Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications

Cheung, Randy Chi Fai; Ng, Tzi Bun; Wong, Jack Ho; Chan, Wai‐Yee

doi:10.3390/md13085156

Cited by 1,051 publications

(637 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…[74] CS has been also attracting attention due to its low allergenic, antitumor, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. [75] The copolymerization of PLGA with DEX (PLGA-DEX) may also be performed in order to obtain an amphiphilic final product. [76] PLGA-DEX copolymers may be obtained by an esterification based on the linkage between the carboxyl group of acid-terminated PLGA and the hydroxyl group of DEX, the so called Steglich esterification.…”

Section: Amphiphilic Copolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalizing PLGA and PLGA Derivatives for Drug Delivery and Tissue Regeneration Applications

Martins

Sousa

Araújo

et al. 2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

213

133

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Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) is one of the most versatile biomedical polymers, already approved by regulatory authorities to be used in human research and clinics. Due to its valuable characteristics, PLGA can be tailored to acquire desirable features for control bioactive payload or scaffold matrix. Moreover, its chemical modification with other polymers or bioconjugation with molecules may render PLGA with functional properties that make it the Holy Grail among the synthetic polymers to be applied in the biomedical field. In this review, the physical–chemical properties of PLGA, its synthesis, degradation, and conjugation with other polymers or molecules are revised in detail, as well as its applications in drug delivery and regeneration fields. A particular focus is given to successful examples of products already on the market or at the late stages of trials, reinforcing the potential of this polymer in the biomedical field.

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Section: Amphiphilic Copolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalizing PLGA and PLGA Derivatives for Drug Delivery and Tissue Regeneration Applications

Martins

Sousa

Araújo

et al. 2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

213

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…8,9 Chitosan has a cationic nature, 10 which allows it to bind to negatively charged molecules, such as erythrocytes or thrombocytes, activating an extrinsic coagulation pathway. 11 Chitosan also exhibits antimicrobial properties. The cationic nature makes it possible to connect with the walls of Staphylococcus aureus species.…”

Section: Properties Of Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan and its composites: Properties for use in bone substitution

2017

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For many years, research has been carried out on finding an ideal bone substitute. Chitosan (CTS) is a naturally occurring polysaccharide, obtained mainly from, inter alia, the shells of crustaceans. It is characterized by its high level of biocompatibility, biodegradability and antimicrobial properties as well as its support in the healing of wounds. Chitosan, due to its ability to form porous structures, can be used in the production of scaffolds used in the treatment of bone defects. There are numerous studies on the use of CTS in combination with other substances which aim to improve its biological and mechanical properties.The combination of chitosan with the calcium phosphate hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been extensively tested. The objective of the current studies is to verify the properties of scaffolds consisting of chitosan and other substances like polybutylene succinate, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), collagen, alginate, transforming growth factor -β (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP). The aim of the current research is to develop a scaffold with sufficiently good mechanical properties. Trials are underway with many of the biological and synthetic components affecting the biological properties of chitosan. This will allow for the creation of a substitute that fully meets the conditions for an ideal artificial bone.

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“…CH is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-Dglucosamine (acetylated unit) [13]. It is a biocompatible, biodegradable polymer, having inherent mucoadhesive properties with the capacity to open tight junctions in the mucosal membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Nanoparticles for the Oral Delivery of Low Molecular Weight Heparin: In Vitro and in Vivo Assessment

Nallaguntla

Muzib

Aukunuru³

et al. 2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: The objective of the present study was to prepare and evaluate a novel oral formulation of nanoparticles for the systemic delivery of lowmolecular-weight heparin (LMWH).Methods: Nanoparticles were prepared by polyelectrolyte complexation method using polymers, i.e., sodium alginate and chitosan (CH). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), entrapment efficiency, In vitro release and scanning electron microscopic studies were carried out for nanoparticles. Ex vivo permeation studies were performed with optimized formulation using small intestine of rat and in vivo studies were conducted on rat model. Results:Entrapment efficiency of LMWH in nanoparticles was found to be 88%. In vitro release studies demonstrated that the release of LMWH was negligible in the stomach and high in the small intestine. FTIR has indicated that there is no interaction between the ingredients in nanoparticle. DSC and XRD studies confirmed that the amino groups of CH interacted with the carboxylic groups of alginate. In vitro % drug release of 95% was shown by formulation AC5. Ex vivo permeation studies have elucidated that ~73% of LMWH was transported across the epithelium. Nanoparticles have shown enhanced oral bioavailability of LMWH as revealed by 4.5-fold increase in area under the curve of plasma drug concentration-time curve. Conclusion:The results suggest that the nanoparticles prepared can result in targeted delivery of LMWH into systemic circulation through intestinal and colon routes. Novel nanoparticles thus prepared in this study can be considered as a promising delivery system.

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Chitosan: An Update on Potential Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications

Cited by 1,051 publications

References 153 publications

Functionalizing PLGA and PLGA Derivatives for Drug Delivery and Tissue Regeneration Applications

Functionalizing PLGA and PLGA Derivatives for Drug Delivery and Tissue Regeneration Applications

Chitosan and its composites: Properties for use in bone substitution

Novel Nanoparticles for the Oral Delivery of Low Molecular Weight Heparin: In Vitro and in Vivo Assessment

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