Chitosan and Xyloglucan-Based Hydrogels: An Overview of Synthetic and Functional Utility

Abstract

The development of new strategies for wound healing has resulted in the design of biomedical devices using polymers of natural origin. Hydrogels are biomaterials formed by three-dimensional polymeric networks that can retain large amounts of water or biological fluids, and smooth texture similar to living tissue. Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide, (1-4)-2-amino-2deoxy-ß-D-glucan, which has desirable features such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity, hemostasis and antibacterial character. Xyloglucans have different applications in tissue engineering for their physicochemical properties, biocompatibility and control of cell expansion. Hydrogels had been made of homogeneous mixtures prepared of chitosan and purified xyloglucan, followed by a freeze-drying process to develop a flexible and porous structure. Additionally, their mechanical properties such as porosity, solubility, biodegradation, and the antibacterial activity of the hydrogels are studied. The results suggest that the incorporation of xyloglucan favors the characteristics from chitosan-based hydrogels, providing a promising alternative for application in biomaterials with antimicrobial activity.

Biomass-Derived Dialdehyde Cellulose Cross-linked Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Hydrogel with Phytosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Curcumin Delivery and Bioactivity

“…Addition of ZnO NPs, acting as the filler to the hydrogel evidently increased the maximum force and compression/tensile strength of the nanocomposite system when compared to the pure chitosan−cellulose hydrogel. Similar trend in improvement of the mechanical properties of a chitosan-based nanocomposite upon addition of an organic filler, xyloglucan was reported by Marti ́nez-Ibarra et al 41 The hydrogen bonds formed between cross-linked chitosan and ZnO aided the easy movement of the macromolecular chain which improved the stability for the materials under compression and tensile load. 42 However, a reverse trend in the elongation rate under tensile load was observed similar to the trend observed by Rahman et al 43 The differences in the mechanical properties of CHG and CHG− ZnO were determined as statistically significant (p < 0.01).…”

Lignocellulosic Materials for the Production of Biofuels, Biochemicals and Biomaterials and Applications of Lignocellulose-Based Polyurethanes: A Review

“…Xylan has been analysed by Ebringerova [ 154 ], who evaluated other potential applications such as textile printing, antimicrobial additive, plant growth regulator, inmunoenhancing supplement, additives and thickening agent in food. On the other hand, xyloglucan has also been reported as a texture enhancer, binder, dye absorption, emulsion stabilizer, syneresis control and food additive [ 155 ]. Some of these applications are shared by galactomannan-derived products, which have been shown to act as binders, texture modifiers, emulsifiers, lubricators or stabilisers, mainly in the food industry [ 156 ].…”

From waste/residual marine biomass to active biopolymer-based packaging film materials for food industry applications – a review

“…Molecular weight (M W ) and degree of (de)acetylation of the final product(s) highly depend on the source, isolation methods, and deacetylation protocols, whereby more information on this topic can be found in other review articles dealing with chitin/chitosan extraction and characterization (e.g. Table 3 in [18] and Table 1 in [48]).…”