Chitosan-Based Bio-Composite Modified with Thiocarbamate Moiety for Decontamination of Cations from the Aqueous Media

Abstract

Herein, we report the development of chitosan (CH)-based bio-composite modified with acrylonitrile (AN) in the presence of carbon disulfide. The current work aimed to increase the Lewis basic centers on the polymeric backbone using single-step three-components (chitosan, carbon disulfide, and acrylonitrile) reaction. For a said purpose, the thiocarbamate moiety was attached to the pendant functional amine (NH2) of chitosan. Both the pristine CH and modified CH-AN bio-composites were first characterized using numerous analytical and imaging techniques, including 13C-NMR (solid-form), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental investigation, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the modified bio-composite (CH-AN) was deployed for the decontamination of cations from the aqueous media. The sorption ability of the CH-AN bio-composite was evaluated by applying it to lead and copper-containing aqueous solution. The chitosan-based CH-AN bio-composite exhibited greater sorption capacity for lead (2.54 mmol g−1) and copper (2.02 mmol g−1) than precursor chitosan from aqueous solution based on Langmuir sorption isotherm. The experimental findings fitted better to Langmuir model than Temkin and Freundlich isotherms using linear regression method. Different linearization of Langmuir model showed different error functions and isothermal parameters. The nonlinear regression analysis showed lower values of error functions as compared with linear regression analysis. The chitosan with thiocarbamate group is an outstanding material for the decontamination of toxic elements from the aqueous environment.

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“…Characteristic bands at 1151 cm −1 are because of the β‐1,4 glycosidic linkage. The other band at 1020 cm −1 showed the C−O stretching vibration . Figure (B) shows the FTIR spectrum of TMS, where a distinctive band at about 684 and 856 cm −1 can be possibly assigned to Cu−Se and Bi−Se stretching.…”

“…The other band at cm À showed the CÀ O stretching vibration. [48][49][50] Figure 5(B) shows the FTIR spectrum of TMS, where a distinctive band at about 684 and 856 cm À 1 can be possibly assigned to CuÀ Se and BiÀ Se stretching. Due to the stretching of OÀ H, broadband centered at 3307 cm À 1 .…”

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“…Thus, nanotechnology plays an important role as an alternative strategy to reinforce bio-based films through the incorporation of nanomaterials into the polymeric chain to enhance their mechanical and barrier properties [ 27 ]. After being reinforced with nanofillers, the chitosan-based nanocomposites are capable to be applied in various scientific areas and industries such as paper and food packaging, flexible electronics, sensing and biosensing, energy harvesting, liquid crystals, biomedicine and cosmetics, catalysis, adsorption, separation, decontamination, or filtration systems [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Biomass: A Renewable Source of Fuels, Chemicals and Carbon Materials

“…Chitosan, a biopolymer found in the shells of shrimps and other crustaceans, was chemically modified with Lewis basic groups by grafting thiocarbamate functionalities to the NH 2 groups of the naturally occurring polymer. The resulting material showed excellent performance in the removal of toxic lead and copper ions from water [5]. Porous chitosan and chitosan-graphene oxide materials were used to prepare Pd catalysts with a very low metal particle size (ca.…”