Chitosan-Based Biomaterials for Hemostatic Applications: A Review of Recent Advances

Abstract

Hemorrhage is a detrimental event present in traumatic injury, surgery, and disorders of bleeding that can become life-threatening if not properly managed. Moreover, uncontrolled bleeding can complicate surgical interventions, altering the outcome of surgical procedures. Therefore, to reduce the risk of complications and decrease the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with hemorrhage, it is necessary to use an effective hemostatic agent that ensures the immediate control of bleeding. In recent years, there have been increasingly rapid advances in developing a novel generation of biomaterials with hemostatic properties. Nowadays, a wide array of topical hemostatic agents is available, including chitosan-based biomaterials that have shown outstanding properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, hemostatic, and analgesic activity in addition to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and wound-healing effects. This review provides an analysis of chitosan-based hemostatic biomaterials and discusses the progress made in their performance, mechanism of action, efficacy, cost, and safety in recent years.

The Impact of Biomaterial Surface Properties on Engineering Neural Tissue for Spinal Cord Regeneration

“…However, we demonstrated that these cell behavioral properties could be influenced by the scaffold surface topography and chemical composition [56], as well as mechanical characteristics [57,58]. In this study, we examined the surface effects of three polymeric biomaterials that are known for their potential in tissue engineering: a natural biomaterial, CHI [59], and two synthetics, PCL [60] and PLLA [61]. These biomaterials have been used for spinal cord regeneration studies [38,[48][49][50][51][52]], but it is unknown which biomaterial has the more suitable characteristics for SCC and NPCs development.…”

Recent Advances in the Degradability and Applications of Tissue Adhesives Based on Biodegradable Polymers

“…Due to the different inherent characteristics, some polymers are more promising in specific areas of application. For example, due to its cationic properties, chitosan can cause the aggregation of erythrocyte and platelets, making it more suitable for hemostasis [216]. Hyaluronic acid is a main component of the ECM, and, therefore, hyaluronic acid is more promising for cell delivery than other polymers [82,124].…”

Influence of Lavender Essential Oil on the Physical and Antibacterial Properties of Chitosan Sponge for Hemostatic Applications

“…These complications significantly contribute to the escalation of healthcare expenses and pose a life-threatening danger to the patient [7][8][9][10]. Therefore, to mitigate the risk of complications and reduce the chances of morbidity and mortality associated with a hemorrhage, it is crucial to use an effective hemostatic agent that can promptly achieve bleeding control [11][12][13].…”

“…Therefore, there is a significant interest in promoting hemostasis, preventing wound infections, and enhancing the wound healing process, when it comes to hemostatic agents. These aspects should be given serious consideration in the development and engineering of hemostatic materials [11,30,31].…”