Chlorine-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots with Enhanced Anti- and Pro-Oxidant Properties

Abstract

Production or elimination of highly reactive oxygen species is critical in antioxidant, photodynamic, therapeutic, and antibacterial applications. Recent studies have demonstrated that graphene quantum dots (GQDs) possess anti- and pro-oxidant properties simultaneously. However, their efficiency is low. Here, we report chlorine-doped GQDs (Cl-GQDs) with a tunable Cl doping amount and improved anti- and pro-oxidant activities. The scavenging performance and the free radical-produced efficiency of Cl-GQDs are about 7-fold and 3-fold, respectively, higher than those of the undoped GQDs. Meanwhile, Cl-GQDs are considered to be promising for antibacterial applications because of their enhanced singlet oxygen generating ability. We hope that this study could provide a new strategy to develop nanomaterials for application in the anti- and pro-oxidant field.

Targeted bioimaging and sensing of folate receptor-positive cancer cells using folic acid-conjugated sulfur-doped graphene quantum dots

“…DPPH free radical assay was performed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of FA-SGQDs using a previously reported method with minor modifications [31], as described in detail in the section 1 of Electronic Supplementary Material.…”

Effects of Heteroatom Doping of Carbon Dots from Sugar on Optical Properties, Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, Photostability, and Cytotoxicity

“…The C 1s spectra of N-CDs, P-CDs, and S-CDs showed that the intensities of C=C, C=O, and OÀ C-O groups of u-CDs also reduced to some extent after the reaction with DPPH, similar to the previous study. [47]…”

Phenol-like group functionalized graphene quantum dots structurally mimicking natural antioxidants for highly efficient acute kidney injury treatment

“…17 Recently, a series of carbogenic nanodots, such as graphene quantum dots (GQDs), nitrogen-doped carbon dots, selenium-doped carbon dots, chlorine-doped GQDs, and nitrogen/sulphur-co-doped carbon dots, have emerged as antioxidants for ROS elimination. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] In particular, GQDs have shown efficient renal clearance properties and long body retention, providing them great kidney targeting ability. 26,27 Signicantly, the biological effects of GQDs functionalized with enriched oxygenated groups have been investigated exhaustively, and they exhibit high biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo even at a high dose.…”