Chlorogenic acid and caffeine combination attenuates adipogenesis by regulating fat metabolism and inhibiting adipocyte differentiation in 3T3‐L1 cells

Abstract

Obesity is a complex disease spreading in the world. In our previous studies, chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeine had ever been reported to reduce the body weight gain and fat accumulation in mice. This study investigated the anti‐obesity effect of CGA and caffeine on 3T3‐L1 cells. According to triglyceride (TG) assay and Oil‐Red O staining, 40 μg/ml CGA and 160 μg/ml caffeine reduced TG content. Moreover, CGA + caffeine inhibited the mRNA expression of major adipogenic markers, PPAR‐γ2, and C/EBPα in the metaphase and anaphase stages of differentiation induction (Day 2 and 4). CGA + caffeine improved P‐AMPK/AMPK accompanied by decreasing the expression of GPDH and FAS to depress the lipid synthesis, increasing the mRNA expression of ACO and CAT to promote fatty acid oxidation and up‐regulated the expression of hydrolysis‐related enzyme adipose TG lipase (ATGL) and P‐HSL/HSL. Furthermore, CGA + caffeine improved the expression of Glut4 which promoted the glucose transport. Taken together, these data demonstrated CGA + caffeine inhibited 3T3‐L1 cells differentiation in the middle and late stages and reduced the fat accumulation through AMPK pathway by regulating the fat metabolism‐related enzyme in 3T3‐L1 cells to attenuates adipogenesis. Practical applications The aim of this study was to elucidate the potential role of chlorogenic acid and caffeine in the treatment of obesity.

Chlorogenic Acids Inhibit Adipogenesis: Implications of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway

“…Suppression of lipogenesis and adipogenesis is a feasible approach against obesity, and lipid accumulation reflected the process of differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes [ 22 ]. Consistent with similar research [ 23 ], in the present study, we observed that CGA inhibited adipogenesis and decreased fat deposition as measured by ORO staining. Meanwhile, according to the TG assay, CGA inhibits the fat accumulation in 3T3- L1 cells in a dose-dependent manner (Figures 3 and 4 ), indicating the potent antiobesity activity of CGA.…”

“…Meanwhile, the expression of target genes aP2, FAS, and LPL was also decreased in a dose-dependent manner after CGA treatment ( Figure 5 ). Similar to our results, a recent study has also shown that CGA inhibited 3T3-L1 cell differentiation in the middle and late stages and reduced the fat accumulation by affecting the transcriptional activity of PPAR- γ [ 23 ]. However, another research has documented that CGA increased the expression of mRNA PPAR- γ in 3T3-L1 adipocytes [ 14 ].…”

Green Coffee Bean Extract Normalize Obesity-Induced Alterations of Metabolic Parameters in Rats by Upregulating Adiponectin and GLUT4 Levels and Reducing RBP-4 and HOMA-IR

“…Furthermore, Song et al [ 17 ] first observed that GCBE intake helps control appetite, leading to weight loss. Green coffee bean extract was found to restrict bodyweight gain more effectively than chlorogenic acid or caffeine, which was ascribed to the synergistic effect of caffeine and chlorogenic acid in CGBE [ 41 ].…”

Effect of Coffee on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Immortalized Human Oral Keratinocytes

“…Furthermore, interactions between these components cannot be ignored. Studies have shown that CA and CGA have synergistic effects on various processes, such as the inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity and the exacerbation of adipocyte degeneration [ 28 , 40 ]. The present study further investigated the effect of these two components on periodontitis and determined whether their mixture exerted a synergistic or antagonistic effect.…”