Chlorogenic Acids from Green Coffee Extract are Highly Bioavailable in Humans

Abstract

Chlorogenic acids (CGA) are cinnamic acid derivatives with biological effects mostly related to their antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. Caffeoylquinic acids (CQA) and dicaffeoylquinic acids (diCQA) are the main CGA found in nature. Because green coffee is a major source of CGA, it has been used for production of nutraceuticals. However, data on the bioavailability of CGA from green coffee in humans are inexistent. The present study evaluated the pharmacokinetic profile and apparent bioavailability of CGA in plasma and urine of 10 healthy adults for 8 h after the consumption of a decaffeinated green coffee extract containing 170 mg of CGA. Three CQA, 3 diCQA, and caffeic, ferulic, isoferulic, and p-coumaric acids were identified in plasma by HPLC-Diode Array Detector-MS after treatment. Over 30% (33.1 +/- 23.1%) of the ingested cinnamic acid moieties were recovered in plasma, including metabolites, with peak levels from 0.5 to 8 h after treatment. CGA and metabolites identified in urine after treatment were 4-CQA, 5-CQA, and sinapic, p-hydroxybenzoic, gallic, vanillic, dihydrocaffeic, caffeic, ferulic, isoferulic, and p-coumaric acids, totaling 5.5 +/- 10.6% urinary recovery of the ingested cinnamic and quinic acid moiteties. This study shows that the major CGA compounds present in green coffee are highly absorbed and metabolized in humans.

Anticancer Properties of Hydroxycinnamic Acids -A Review

“…Recently, Farah et al (2008) and Monteiro et al (2007) demonstrated for the first time that main isomers of CGA 3, are bioavailable in the human body. These results indicated that a small percentage of CGA ingested are absorbed in stomach, been the major part absorbed and metabolized in the small intestine.…”

“…(diCQA), with at least 3 isomers per subclasses (Farah, Monteiro, Donangelo & Lafay, 2008;Monteiro, Farah, Perrone, Trugo, & Donangelo, 2007;Farah & Donangelo, 2006). CGA is found in many types of fruits (such as apples, blueberries, cherries, kiwis and plums), vegetables (chicory, potato and artichoke) and herbs (Ilex paraguariensis and Achyrocline satureioides), being coffee the main source in the Western diet (Marques & Farah, 2009;Manach et al, 2004;Clifford, 2000).…”

Phytochemical uptake following human consumption of Montmorency tart cherry (L. Prunus cerasus) and influence of phenolic acids on vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro

“…This provides some explanation for the non-313 detection in plasma; however, the possibility remains that CHL become degraded during sample treatment 314 process [37]. A study [38] evaluating the pharmacokinetic profile and bioavailability of CHL in plasma and 315 urine of 10 healthy participants showed a great deal of inter-individual variation in CHL absorption, metabolism…”

Green Coffee Bean Extract as a Weight Loss Supplement

“…Cholorogenic acids have high bioavailability in humans [30,31]. Because of the synergistic effect between caffeine and cholorogenic acid in green coffee extract, green coffee extract was shown to suppress body weight gain better than cholorogenic acid or caffeine alone [32,33].…”