Chloroplast genome sequencing in winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) and comparative analysis with other legumes

Abstract

The winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) is a fast-growing, underutilized legume thriving in hot, humid regions. It forms symbiotic associations with a broad-spectrum cowpea rhizobial group, making it ideal for crop rotation or intercropping systems. Winged bean seeds are rich in protein, fiber, vitamins, minerals, fat, and carbohydrates, highlighting its potential as a valuable agricultural crop. In this study, we conducted whole-genome sequencing of the winged bean chloroplast using high-coverage short-read sequencing on the Illumina platform, generating over 1 billion paired-end raw reads. We utilized the GetOrganelle toolkit to assemble the chloroplast genome comprising 130 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNAs, and eight rRNA genes. We also identified 84 perfect SSRs, two compound SSRs, and 15 VNTRs. Our analysis revealed the typical quadripartite structure of the chloroplast genome, along with insights into its functional classification and phylogenetic relationships with other legumes. Additionally, we identified possible genomic rearrangements through synteny analysis. Characterizing the winged bean chloroplast genome provides crucial resources for research and crop improvement. Comparative genomics of the chloroplast offers significant insights into the evolutionary and molecular biology of legumes.