Chloroquine

REES, REES B.

doi:10.1001/archderm.1963.01590210038006

Cited by 29 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…lo5 , 201,204 With doses of 4-aminoquinolines higher than those used in the chemotherapy of malaria, a variety of adverse effects other than those involving the eye may occur. " G, 13,68,114,157,158,171 Toxic manifestations associated with the use of chloroquine or aminodiaquine in doses recommended for antimalarial purposes are rare; side effects noted under these circumstances may consist of headache, some visual difficulty, gastrointestinal distress, pruritus, or restlessness." 124 Mechanisms of action.…”

Section: Quinine Quinacrine Chloroquine and Amodiaquinementioning

confidence: 99%

The chemotherapy of malaria

Powell

1966

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

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Malaria remains a formidable global problem. Although substantial progress has been made in efforts to combat and to eliminate this protozoan scourge, much remains to be done. This review dealing with the chemotherapy of malaria presents: a brief resume of historical aspects relating to the development of synthetic antimalarial drugs; a discussion of apposite considerations with respect to parasites that cause human malaria, classification of antimalarial drugs, and terminology; a summary of available information concerning the uses and effects of quinine and widely employed synthetic antimalarial drugs; a short account of certain other antimalarial agents, some developed recently, that are of considerable experimental interest; and a discussion of resistance of malaria parasites to drugs, with particular emphasis on recently detected parasites that are resistant to chloroquine and to other synthetic antimalarial drugs.

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Section: Quinine Quinacrine Chloroquine and Amodiaquinementioning

confidence: 99%

The chemotherapy of malaria

Powell

1966

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

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“…Chloroquine (CQ), a 4-aminoquinoline derivative, is an antimalarial drug that has also been used to treat other diseases including lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and amoebiasis (Egan, 2001;Rees & Maibach, 1963). Chloroquine exhibits weak base charge with pKa of 8.1 for the amino group at Position 7 and pK 2 = 10.1 for the amino group on the alkyl side chain (Larsson & Tjalve, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroquine differentially modulates coronary vasodilation in control and diabetic mice

Zhang

Tsuji‐Hosokawa

Willson

et al. 2020

British J Pharmacology

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Background and Purpose: Chloroquine is a traditional medicine to treat malaria.There is increasing evidence that chloroquine not only induces phagocytosis but regulates vascular tone. Few reports investigating the effect of chloroquine on vascular responsiveness of coronary arteries have been made. In this study, we examined how chloroquine affected endothelium-dependent relaxation in coronary arteries under normal and diabetic conditions. Experimental Approach: We isolated coronary arteries from mice and examined endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR). Human coronary endothelial cells and mouse coronary endothelial cells isolated from control and diabetic mouse (TAL-LYHO/Jng [TH] mice, a spontaneous type 2 diabetic mouse model) were used for the molecular biological or cytosolic NO and Ca 2+ measurements.Key Results: Chloroquine inhibited endothelium-derived NO-dependent relaxation but had negligible effect on endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH)-dependent relaxation in coronary arteries of control mice. Chloroquine significantly decreased NO production in control human coronary endothelial cells partly by phosphorylating eNOS Thr495 (an inhibitory phosphorylation site of eNOS) and attenuating the rise of cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration after stimulation. EDR was significantly inhibited in diabetic mice in comparison to control mice. Interestingly, chloroquine enhanced EDR in diabetic coronary arteries by, specifically, increasing EDH-dependent relaxation due partly to its augmenting effect on gap junction activity in diabetic mouse coronary endothelial cells.Conclusions and Implications: These data indicate that chloroquine affects vascular relaxation differently under normal and diabetic conditions. Therefore, the patients' health condition such as coronary macrovascular or microvascular disease, with or without diabetes, must be taken account into the consideration when selecting chloroquine for the treatment of malaria.

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The Chloroquine Mystery

Knox¹

1966

Arch Dermatol

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Chloroquine

Cited by 29 publications

References 53 publications

The chemotherapy of malaria

The chemotherapy of malaria

Chloroquine differentially modulates coronary vasodilation in control and diabetic mice

The Chloroquine Mystery

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