Cholera Outbreak — Haiti, September 2022–January 2023

Ocasio, Denisse Vega; Juin, Stanley; Berendes, David; Heitzinger, Kristen; Prentice-Mott, Graeme; Desormeaux, Anne Marie; Charles, Phaimyr D Jn; Rigodon, Jonas; Pelletier, Valérie; Louis, Reginald Jean; Vertefeuille, John; Boncy, Jacques; Joseph, Gerard A.; Compère, Valusnor; Lafontant, Donald; Andrécy, Lesly L.; Michel, Edwige; Pierre, Katilla; Thermidor, Evenel; Fitter, David; Grant-Greene, Yoran; Lozier, Matthew; Marseille, Samson

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7202a1

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Suffering and dying from cholera is an indicator of inequity and inequality; cholera affects countries with increased vulnerability due to poverty, conflicts and limited availability of healthcare resources. Armed conflicts negatively affected public health infrastructure, and contributed to high CFRs mortality in some countries [21]. Three successive epidemic waves of cholera occurred in South Sudan during troubled times between 2014 and 2017, leading to tens of thousands of cases and hundreds of deaths, many among internally displaced individuals [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Fatal Outcome during an Outbreak of Cholera, Gadarif, Sudan

2024

J Community Med Public Health

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We studied risk factors associated with fatal outcome of cholera patients during the outbreak in Gadarif State, Sudan in 2023 using the surveillance data and patients' medical records, Forty-six out of 1,904 patients with cholera died (case-fatality rate [CFR] 2.4 (95 CI: 1.8-3.2). The CFR among females patients (2.84, 95 CI: 1.86-4.13), (p>0.05) from CFR among males (CFR=2.34, 95 CI: 1.43-3.59). The CFR among patients aged 70 years or more was 3.81 (95 CI: 1.05-9.47). The mean (SD, IQR) of the duration between the onset of diarrhea and reaching the CTC was 0.58 (1.27, 0.0-1.0) and 0.5435 (0.81, 0.0-1.0) days for survivors and fatal cases (p>0.05). Unconditional multi-variate analysis revealed that patient is living in a rural area were more likely to die from cholera than others (OR= 3.28, 95% CI: 1.61-6.68). We concluded that accessibility to medical services during cholera outbreaks are critical to reduce CFRs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Fatal Outcome during an Outbreak of Cholera, Gadarif, Sudan

2024

J Community Med Public Health

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“…Already one of the poorest countries in the western hemisphere, Haiti also suffered from near total loss of infrastructure, access to clean water, and rampant crime in the wake of this natural disaster. Given this was the first introduction of V. cholerae to the Haitian people, the death toll rose rapidly to claim the lives of at least 100,000 people ( Vega Ocasio et al, 2023 ). Cholera has since become endemic to this previously unexposed region.…”

Section: Cholera Disease Presentation and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent prolonged periods of violence and social unrest have disrupted water treatment infrastructure and restricted access of both citizens and aid workers to the resources needed for effective public health prevention measures against cholera. As a result, an outbreak in late September 2022 has already surged to over 20,000 suspected cases of cholera reported in Haiti as of January 3, 2023 ( Vega Ocasio et al, 2023 ). Nearly 80% of patients were hospitalized, and a very high case-fatality rate of 3.0% has been observed.…”

Section: Cholera Disease Presentation and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in cholera research: from molecular biology to public health initiatives

et al. 2023

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The aquatic bacterium Vibrio cholerae is the etiological agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, which has plagued the world for centuries. This pathogen has been the subject of studies in a vast array of fields, from molecular biology to animal models for virulence activity to epidemiological disease transmission modeling. V. cholerae genetics and the activity of virulence genes determine the pathogenic potential of different strains, as well as provide a model for genomic evolution in the natural environment. While animal models for V. cholerae infection have been used for decades, recent advances in this area provide a well-rounded picture of nearly all aspects of V. cholerae interaction with both mammalian and non-mammalian hosts, encompassing colonization dynamics, pathogenesis, immunological responses, and transmission to naïve populations. Microbiome studies have become increasingly common as access and affordability of sequencing has improved, and these studies have revealed key factors in V. cholerae communication and competition with members of the gut microbiota. Despite a wealth of knowledge surrounding V. cholerae, the pathogen remains endemic in numerous countries and causes sporadic outbreaks elsewhere. Public health initiatives aim to prevent cholera outbreaks and provide prompt, effective relief in cases where prevention is not feasible. In this review, we describe recent advancements in cholera research in these areas to provide a more complete illustration of V. cholerae evolution as a microbe and significant global health threat, as well as how researchers are working to improve understanding and minimize impact of this pathogen on vulnerable populations.

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“…In 2022, 30 countries reported cholera outbreaks, including places that had been free of the disease for decades. In Haiti, where millions of people have been displaced by violence, cholera has killed hundreds of people in just a few months 1. Lebanon is experiencing its first outbreak since 1993, with more than 6000 recorded cases 2.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cholera is back but the world is looking away

Khoury

2023

BMJ

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Cholera is back but the world is looking awayTo overcome this preventable disease we need to invest in failing infrastructure and tackle humanitarian crises at cholera's roots, says Petra Khoury Petra Khoury director of the Health and Care department Once thought to be close to eradication, cholera is back-dehydrating and killing people within hours and ravaging communities across six continents. Despite the alarming numbers of cases and deaths over the past year, decision makers are averting their eyes, leaving people to die from a preventable and treatable disease.

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Cholera Outbreak — Haiti, September 2022–January 2023

Cited by 18 publications

References 2 publications

Factors Influencing Fatal Outcome during an Outbreak of Cholera, Gadarif, Sudan

Factors Influencing Fatal Outcome during an Outbreak of Cholera, Gadarif, Sudan

Advances in cholera research: from molecular biology to public health initiatives

Cholera is back but the world is looking away

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