Choleretic activity and biliary elimination of lipids and bile acids induced by an artichoke leaf extract in rats

Rodriguez, T. Saénz; Giménez, Dolores García; Vázquez, Rodríguez

doi:10.1078/094471102321621278

Cited by 87 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Clinical trials have shown antidyspeptic (Fin-telmann, 1996;Marakis et al, 2002;Holtmann et al, 2003) and lipid-lowering effects (Fintelmann, 1996;Englisch et al, 2000) of artichoke leaf extract (ALE). Oral administration of ALE increased bile flow in rats (Saenz-Rodriguez et al, 2002). Such a choleretic action has also been documented in humans (Kirchhoff et al, 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%

Flavonoids from Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Up-Regulate Endothelial-Type Nitric-Oxide Synthase Gene Expression in Human Endothelial Cells

Xia²,

Brausch³

et al. 2004

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

105

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Nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) represents an antithrombotic and anti-atherosclerotic principle in the vasculature. Hence, an enhanced expression of eNOS in response to pharmacological interventions could provide protection against cardiovascular diseases. In EA.hy 926 cells, a cell line derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), an artichoke leaf extract (ALE) increased the activity of the human eNOS promoter (determined by luciferase reporter gene assay). An organic subfraction from ALE was more potent in this respect than the crude extract, whereas an aqueous subfraction of ALE was without effect. ALE and the organic subfraction thereof also increased eNOS mRNA expression (measured by an RNase protection assay) and eNOS protein expression (determined by Western blot) both in EA.hy 926 cells and in native HUVECs. NO production (measured by NO-ozone chemiluminescence) was increased by both extracts. In organ chamber experiments, ex vivo incubation (18 h) of rat aortic rings with the organic subfraction of ALE enhanced the NO-mediated vasodilator response to acetylcholine, indicating that the up-regulated eNOS remained functional. Caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids are two major groups of constituents of ALE. Interestingly, the flavonoids luteolin and cynaroside increased eNOS promoter activity and eNOS mRNA expression, whereas the caffeoylquinic acids cynarin and chlorogenic acid were without effect. Thus, in addition to the lipidlowering and antioxidant properties of artichoke, an increase in eNOS gene transcription may also contribute to its beneficial cardiovascular profile. Artichoke flavonoids are likely to represent the active ingredients mediating eNOS up-regulation.

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mentioning

confidence: 80%

Flavonoids from Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Up-Regulate Endothelial-Type Nitric-Oxide Synthase Gene Expression in Human Endothelial Cells

Xia²,

Brausch³

et al. 2004

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

105

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“…The mechanism of action is not clear, but the extract has been shown to have antimicrobial effects, to stimulate bile flow, and may also act as an antispasmodic. [19][20][21] Peppermint oil has been studied in both IBS and FD with inconsistent results. Peppermint oil is widely available in capsule form and in some preparations is combined with caraway oil.…”

Section: Single Herb Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary and alternative medicine for gastrointestinal disorders

Tillisch

2007

Clinical Medicine

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“…Luteolin, a flavone which inhibit the de novo cholesterol synthesis as well sesquiterpene lactones has coleretic and cholagogue effects (Saenz Rodriguez et al, 2002). The leaf extract of artichoke reduces mild dispepsia (Marakis et al, 2002) and have antioxidant potential, as demonstrated on leukocytes (Perez-Garcia et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Fingerprint and Extraction Yield of Medicinal Herb Phenolics with Hepatoprotective Potential, as Determined by UV-Vis and FT-MIR Spectroscopy

Zavoi

Fetea

Ranga

et al. 2011

Not Bot Hort Agrobot Cluj

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The present study was aimed to compare the polyphenolic composition of six medicinal herbs, from wild flora of Romania. The plants investigated, Cynara scolimus (artichoke), Taraxacum officinalis (dandelion), Chelidonium majus (celandine), Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort), Silybum marianum (Mary thistle) and Lycopodium clavatum (Wolf 's claw) are known, to have hepatoprotective action. Using in parallel glycerol-water, ethanol-water and methanol, the solvent-dependence of the extract fingerprint and composition in bioactive molecules was studied by UV-Vis and Infrared (FT-MIR) spectrometry. The extraction yields, calculated as an extraction factor (EF) were superior in acidic methanol comparative to glycerin and ethanol, favorising the increase in phenolic acids against flavonoid derivatives . Based on the differences of polarity between the three solvents used, higher EF values were obtained for dandelion, artichoke, celandine and St. John wort, more rich in phenolic acids than flavonoids. Mary thistle and Wolf 's claw had lower concentrations of phenolics, but higher content of lignans and terpenoids. Based on the FT-MIR peaks from 8 regions, for each plant extract, has been determined the fingerprint region between 900 and 1500 cm -1 and identified the specific functional groups. A good, significant correlation was found between the concentration of total phenolics calculated by UV-Vis spectrometry and FTIR methods, after calibration with gallic acid. The value of the MIR signal at 1743 cm -1 may be considered a good indicator of phenolics concentration in such extracts. Combined UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy are recommended as rapid and reliable tools to investigate the fingerprint and to predict the composition of medicinal plants or to evaluate the quality and authenticity of different standardized formulas.

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Choleretic activity and biliary elimination of lipids and bile acids induced by an artichoke leaf extract in rats

Cited by 87 publications

References 8 publications

Flavonoids from Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Up-Regulate Endothelial-Type Nitric-Oxide Synthase Gene Expression in Human Endothelial Cells

Flavonoids from Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Up-Regulate Endothelial-Type Nitric-Oxide Synthase Gene Expression in Human Endothelial Cells

Complementary and alternative medicine for gastrointestinal disorders

Comparative Fingerprint and Extraction Yield of Medicinal Herb Phenolics with Hepatoprotective Potential, as Determined by UV-Vis and FT-MIR Spectroscopy

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