Cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, birthweight and central obesity in pre-school children

Cowin, IS; Emmett, Pauline M

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801133

Cited by 53 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This is in accord with a British study in which central obesity, but not BMI, was negatively associated with HDLC levels in boys and positively associated with LDLC levels in girls (Cowin and Emmett, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in 4-year-old children are associated with parental levels and track over time

et al. 2011

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Background/Objectives: There are only a few studies linking dietary fat intake to serum lipid levels in young children. Our objective was to prospectively evaluate serum lipid levels from infancy to early childhood, and to explore their possible association with dietary, growth and parental factors. Subjects/Methods: Children (n ¼ 127) followed from early infancy were examined for serum lipid levels, anthropometry and dietary intake at 4 years of age. We also studied possible associations with parental anthropometric and blood biochemistry data collected from 122 mothers' and 118 fathers' when children were 4 years of age. Results: Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-1 ratio (apo B/apo A-1) showed significant tracking from infancy to 4 years. Furthermore, children's TC levels correlated with paternal TC level from 6 months to 4 years, but with maternal only at 4 years. In girls, both LDLC and HDLC correlated with parental LDLC and HDLC. In all children, intake of saturated fatty acids (SAFAs) was higher than recommended, and in 90% of the children polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake was lower than recommended. Conclusions: Serum lipid levels values tracked from infancy to 4 years and were associated with parental values. Higher serum lipid levels at 4 years compared with 6-18 months of age may result from changes in the quality of dietary fat. We therefore suggest that intake of dietary fat in 4-year-old children should be more focused on quality. Furthermore, as there were strong associations between the child and parental serum lipid levels this supports the view that family-based rather than individual intervention is preferable.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in 4-year-old children are associated with parental levels and track over time

et al. 2011

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“…Indeed (as in adults), central adiposity in children has been related to risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes mellitus, including increased blood pressure, an adverse blood lipid profile and raised fasting insulin levels. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Increases in waist circumference will reflect both increases in visceral adiposity and increases in centrally located subcutaneous fat, both of which are associated with a number of adverse metabolic outcomes. This is of concern, as it has recently been shown in British youth aged 11-16 y that central adiposity, as measured by the waist circumference, has increased at a far greater rate than overall fatness (indicated by the BMI) over the past 10-20 y.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in waist circumferences in young British children: a comparative study

et al. 2004

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OBJECTIVE:To compare waist circumference (a measure of central fatness) and body mass index (BMI, a measure of general fatness) between a contemporary cohort and similar aged British children measured in 1987. DESIGN: Comparative study of two cohorts. The first was a cross-sectional survey and the second an ongoing longitudinal survey. SETTING: The cross-sectional study was conducted throughout Great Britain during 1987. The ongoing longitudinal study was conducted in the Avon region between 1995 and 1998. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1821 children were measured in the cross-sectional study, and around 1000 children were measured in the longitudinal study. Ages ranged between 2 and 5 y. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Waist circumference, height, weight and BMI. Values were expressed as mean7s.d. Age-related measures were compared. RESULTS: At equivalent ages, mean waist circumference values were greater in the contemporary children, compared with children measured in the earlier cross-sectional study in 1987 (Po0.05). Although boys from the contemporary cohort had the larger absolute waist circumference measurements, the absolute and percentage differences in waist circumference between the cohorts were greater for the girls. Mean BMI values were slightly but significantly higher in the contemporary children compared with children measured in the earlier cross-sectional study (Po0.05). The proportional increase in waist circumference for each age-sex group generally exceeded the proportional increase in BMI. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that central fatness in young British children has increased over the period of 1987-97 to a greater extent than general fatness. This should be of concern since evidence associates greater central adiposity with adverse levels of cardiovascular risk factors in children. Furthermore, the study highlights important shortcomings of the BMI measurement, in that it provides no information on body fat distribution and can mask true obesity-related risk in children.

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“…Weight was measured to the nearest 100 g with the child wearing only underwear, using a Seca scale, model 835. This has been described in more detail elsewhere (Cowin et al, 2000a). The birthweight was noted from hospital records.…”

Section: Measurement Of Height Weight and Birthweightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The blood lipid values of the whole study population have been described elsewhere (Cowin et al, 2000a). The correlations between nutrient intakes and blood lipid concentrations are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Nutrient Intakes and Blood Lipid Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an earlier analysis we investigated the relationship between current anthropometry and birthweight and blood lipids in these children (Cowin et al, 2000a). It was found that height was a signi®cant predictor of total cholesterol levels in boys at 31 months, while T:HDLC was marginally positively associated with birthweight in girls.…”

Section: Effect Of Adding Anthropometric Predictors Of Blood Lipid Comentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between dietary intakes and blood cholesterol concentrations at 31 months

Cowin

Emmett

2001

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: The initial stages of atherosclerosis have been shown to occur in children as young as 3. Elevated total and LDL cholesterol concentrations and low HDL concentrations are a well-established risk factor for atherosclerosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the dietary determinants of blood lipid concentrations at 31 months of age. Subjects: A randomly selected group of children (214 boys, 175 girls) in south-west England forming part of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ALSPAC) cohort. Design: Three-day dietary records were obtained at 18 months. At 31 months a non-fasting blood sample was taken and analysed for total and HDL cholesterol and triglyceride, and measures of height and weight were taken. Results: Among boys, total cholesterol concentrations were positively associated with the intake of total fat (r 0.209, P 0.002) and saturated fatty acids (r 0.211, P 0.002). Among girls, HDLC was positively associated with energy intake (r 0.204, P 0.018), and negatively associated with intakes of polyunsaturated fat, saturated fat and sugar in multivariate analysis. There were no associations between the intakes of non-starch polysaccharides (®bre) or dietary cholesterol and total or HDL cholesterol concentrations in either sex. Among boys, higher intakes of breakfast cereals were associated with lower total cholesterol (r À0.187, P 0.008). Among girls, higher intakes of biscuits and meat and meat products were associated with higher HDLC concentrations. Conclusions: These data suggest that the dietary determinants of blood lipid concentrations differ between boys and girls. Reducing saturated fat intake in boys would be likely to lead to an improvement in blood lipid pro®les. In this study there is no evidence to suggest that an increase in the intake of polyunsaturated fat by pre-school children would result in improved blood lipid pro®les.

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Cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, birthweight and central obesity in pre-school children

Cited by 53 publications

References 32 publications

Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in 4-year-old children are associated with parental levels and track over time

Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in 4-year-old children are associated with parental levels and track over time

Trends in waist circumferences in young British children: a comparative study

Associations between dietary intakes and blood cholesterol concentrations at 31 months

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