Cholesterol Emboli Syndrome

Sklar, Joel; Taira, James W.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1993.tb05042.x

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Blocked skin arterioles, usu¬ ally in the lower extremities, alter skin perfusion lo¬ cally, whereupon livedo reticularis appears in 50% of the cases. 19 Apart from this, cyanosis, purpura, tender nod¬ ules, ulcérations, and eventually gangrene may evolve. We observed singular reports of CCE in connection with skin hyperplasia and atrophy, seborrhoic keratosis, li¬ chen ruber planus, preputial ulcer, and basalioma.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesterol Crystal Embolization in the Netherlands

Moolenaar¹

1996

Arch Intern Med

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In the Dutch population, CCE is reported steadily, with an average frequency of 6.2 cases per million population per year since 1985. It occurs predominantly in elderly men with a history of atherosclerotic disease and hypertension. Symptoms may be absent, go unrecognized, or mimic other disease processes. It can also be a coincidental finding. The primary CCE site is the kidney, followed by the skin and gastrointestinal tract.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesterol Crystal Embolization in the Netherlands

Moolenaar¹

1996

Arch Intern Med

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“…Cutaneous findings are present in the majority of the patients and are a hallmark of the syndrome; these include livedo reticularis (49%), gangrene (35%), cyanosis (28%), ulceration (17%), nodules (10%), purpura (9%), and the characteristic blue toes (Figure 3B). 10,123 The onset may be acute (days to weeks), or subacute (weeks to months), when triggered by the anticoagulant therapy. 124 Elevated levels of ESR and CRP have been associated with CES, and sometimes positive ANA and ANCA tests have been found.…”

Section: Cholesterol Emboli Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Practical approach to vasculitides in adults: an overview of clinical conditions that can mimic vasculitides closely

Berti¹,

Bond²,

Volpe³

et al. 2020

Beyond Rheumatol

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Primary systemic vasculitides are rare diseases affecting blood vessel walls. The type and patterns of distribution of the organs affected usually reflect the size of the vessels predominantly involved, and the patterns of clinical manifestations are generally useful to reach a specific diagnosis. However, presenting symptoms may lack adequate specificity for a prompt diagnosis, leading to a diagnostic (and therapeutic) delay, often causing irreversible damage to the affected organs. Due to their rarity and variable clinical presentation, the diagnosis of primary vasculitides could be challenging for physicians. Vasculitis mimickers, i.e. the clinical conditions that could be likely mistaken for vasculitides, need to be carefully ruled out, especially before starting the immunosuppressive therapy. We present here a practical approach to the diagnosis of primary systemic vasculitides involving large, medium and small size vessels, and reviewed most of the conditions that could mimic primary systemic vasculitides.

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“…Iatrogenic events would be thought to occur rather abruptly but actually can come on rather slowly. Time to clinical disease after an inciting event can range from 1 day to months 14,16 . One study of CCE patients in a renal ICU found the time from possible inciting event to presentation to their unit to be approximately 2 months 14 …”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesterol crystal embolization: an atherosclerotic disease with frequent and varied cutaneous manifestations

Donohue

Saap

Falanga

2003

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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In this paper the basic pathogenesis of cholesterol crystal embolization (CCE) is described, its clinical characteristics are presented and diagnosis and therapy are discussed. The main focus will be on the cutaneous manifestations; however, considering that CCE is a systemic illness, findings in other organs will also be highlighted, particularly the commonly involved renal and gastrointestinal systems.

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Cholesterol Emboli Syndrome

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Cholesterol Crystal Embolization in the Netherlands

Cholesterol Crystal Embolization in the Netherlands

Practical approach to vasculitides in adults: an overview of clinical conditions that can mimic vasculitides closely

Cholesterol crystal embolization: an atherosclerotic disease with frequent and varied cutaneous manifestations

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