Choline-Based Ionic Liquids as Media for the Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract

Ionic liquids (ILs) have garnered great attention as alternative solvents in many biological reactions and applications. However, its unknown toxicity is in line with the challenges to use it for biological applications. In this study, three choline based Ionic Liquids—choline saccharinate (CS), choline dihydrogen phosphate (CDHP), and choline tryptophanate (CT) were assessed for their suitability on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The ILs were incorporated into the growth media of S. cerevisiae (defined as synthetic media) to access its potential as a substitute to conventional media. The compatibility of the synthetic media was evaluated based on the toxicity (EC50), growth curve, and glucose profile. The results showed that the incorporation of CDHP and CS did promote the growth of S. cerevisiae with a rapid glucose consumption rate. The growth of S. cerevisiae with the media composition of yeast extract, peptone, and CS showed improvement of 13%. We believe that these observations have implications in the biocompatibility studies of ILs to microorganisms.

Phase Behavior and Heat Capacities of Biocompatible Ionic Liquids and Low-Temperature Molten Salts

“…After the first melting of [Chol]­[H 2 PO 4 ], the sample did not show a tendency to crystallize but exhibited a glass transition at 245 K in fair agreement with the previously reported T g = 248.6 K . However, slow decomposition of the sample was detected right above T crI‑l = 457 ± 2 when DSC was used, instead of as high as at 503 K during thermogravimetric experiments .…”

“…31 In an earlier study, 32 the crII−crI transition was mistaken for melting, and the low corresponding enthalpy was assigned to the plastic character of the crII phase. According to Rana et al, 31 After the first melting of [Chol][H 2 PO 4 ], the sample did not show a tendency to crystallize but exhibited a glass transition at 245 K in fair agreement with the previously reported T g = 248.6 K. 36 However, slow decomposition of the sample was detected right above T crI-l = 457 ± 2 when DSC was used, instead of as high as at 503 K during thermogravimetric experiments. 36 Thus, the T g values might be offset due to the low purity of the melted sample.…”

“…According to Rana et al, 31 After the first melting of [Chol][H 2 PO 4 ], the sample did not show a tendency to crystallize but exhibited a glass transition at 245 K in fair agreement with the previously reported T g = 248.6 K. 36 However, slow decomposition of the sample was detected right above T crI-l = 457 ± 2 when DSC was used, instead of as high as at 503 K during thermogravimetric experiments. 36 Thus, the T g values might be offset due to the low purity of the melted sample. When a fresh [Chol][H 2 PO 4 ] sample was heated, an intense peak corresponding to an as yet undescribed phase transition was observed at 361.5 K in the first DSC run.…”

Progress in the applications of biocompatible ionic liquids: renewable commodity production, catalytic and pharmaceutical approaches – a review

“…Non-nutritive sweeteners and carboxylic acids were reported as anionic portions. 71,72 Sivapragasam et al 71 reported biological applications of choline-based ILs (choline saccharinate, choline dihydrogen phosphate, and choline tryptophanate) for the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . The ILs composed of a non-nutritive sweetener (choline saccharinate) and choline dihydrogen phosphate contributed to the rapid growth of the microorganism according to the rate of glucose consumption, highlighting the biocompatibility of ILs.…”

Deep Eutectic Solvents for Innovative Pharmaceutical Formulations

“…Thus the thermal stability of lysozyme can be increased (Su and Klibanov, 2015), the catalytic activity of catalase (Harifi-Mood et al, 2017), laccase (Khodaverdian et al, 2018) and lipase (Nascimento et al, 2019) was conserved and the biotransformation of steroids by bacteria was efficient (Mao et al, 2019). Finally, Sivapragasam et al have shown that some choline-based ionic liquids promoted the growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, suggesting that deep eutectic solvents could act as an alternative medium for microbial cultures (Sivapragasam et al, 2019).…”