Choline Is Required by Tilapia when Methionine Is Not in Excess

Cs, Kasper; Mr, White; Pb, Brown

doi:10.1093/jn/130.2.238

Cited by 51 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Methionine affects the profile of plasma amino acids in many species of fish (Twibell et al, 2000;Mai et al, 2006) as well as the metabolism of sulfur amino acids (Espe et al, 2008). The S-adenosylmethionine, synthesized from methionine, originates compounds such as carnitine (Swenson & Reece, 1996) and choline (Swenson & Reece, 1996;Kasper et al, 2000). Choline also acts as a lipotropic factor, enhances the synthesis of lipoproteins and prevents fatty liver (Swenson & Reece, 1996), which may explain the hepatosomatic index reduction of fish fed adequate levels of methionine + cystine ( Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This amino acid acts as methyl donor (Bender, 2003) precursor of several substrates, including nucleic acids, proteins, phospholipids, biogenic amines (Mato et al, 1997), carnitine (Swenson & Reece, 1996) cystine (Zhou et al, 2006), choline (Swenson & Reece, 1996;Kasper et al, 2000), polyamines and other metabolic intermediates (Bender, 2003). Thus, methionine supplementation is associated with improvements of fish growth and health (Espe et al, 2008;Graciano et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digestible methionine + cystine requirement for Nile tilapia from 550 to 700 g

et al. 2013

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-This trial was conducted to determine the dietary digestible methionine + cystine requirement of Nile tilapia (550 to 700 g) based on the ideal protein concept. Six hundred fish were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates, with 30 fish per experimental unit. The fish were fed diets containing approximately 262 g of digestible protein/kg, 3,040 kcal of digestible energy/kg and 7.90, 9.40, 10.90, 12.40 or 13.90 g of methionine + cystine/kg. The fish were hand-fed three times a day until apparent satiation for 30 days. No effects of dietary methionine + cystine on feed conversion ratio, daily protein deposition, whole body moisture, fillet moisture, crude protein, ether extract and ash, plasmatic HDL and LDL cholesterol were observed. Dietary methionine resulted in a linear increase in whole body protein and linear reduction in lipid deposition rate, hepatosomatic index, whole body ether extract and ash, plasmatic total cholesterol, plasmatic total lipids and plasmatic triglycerides. According to the Linear Response Plateau, the daily weight gain and fillet yield increased up to a level of 9.00 and 9.90 g methionine + cystine/kg of diet, respectively. The digestible methionine + cystine requirement of Nile tilapia is 9.00 g/kg for weight gain and 9.90 g/kg for fillet yield, corresponding to methionine + cystine:lysine ratios of 0.60 and 0.66, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestible methionine + cystine requirement for Nile tilapia from 550 to 700 g

et al. 2013

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“…A taxa de crescimento de 6,9% ao dia obtida nos peixes alimentados com a ração contendo relação metionina + cistina de 75,5% foi inferior às de 8,7 e 7,8% ao dia observadas por Furuya et al (2000) e Lanna et al (2005), respectivamente, no entanto, foram superiores aos valores de 1,7 a 5,5% ao dia, observados em estudos similares realizados por Jackson & Capper (1982), Santiago & Lovell, (1988), Polat (1999), Kasper et al (2000), Furuya et al (2001a), Furuya et al (2001b) e Furuya et al (2004 com tilápias de mesma categoria de peso.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Esse valor, em aminoácidos totais, foi superior ao de 0,50% obtido por Kasper et al (2000), similar aos de 0,90 e 0,85% obtidos por Santiago & Lovell (1988) e Furuya et al (2001b, respectivamente, contudo, foi inferior ao de 1,27%, obtido por Jackson & Capper (1982), de 1,38%, obtido por Polat (1999), de 1,10% obtido por Furuya et al (2001a), e de 1,22%, obtido por Furuya et al (2004).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Exigência de metionina mais cistina, com base no conceito de proteína ideal, em rações para alevinos de tilápia-do-nilo

Bomfim¹,

Lanna²,

Donzele³

et al. 2008

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito dos níveis de metionina + cistina digestível, com base no conceito de proteína ideal, em dietas contendo níveis subótimos de lisina digestível (1,40%), foram utilizados 396 alevinos revertidos de tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus), da linhagem tailandesa, com peso inicial de 0,86 ± 0,02 g, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, composto de seis tratamentos, seis repetições por tratamento e 11 peixes por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco dietas com diferentes relações metionina + cistina:lisina digestível (59,5; 63,5; 67,5; 71,5 e 75,5%) e relação treonina:lisina digestível de 80,0%; e uma dieta contendo relação metionina + cistina:lisina digestível de 75,5% e treonina:lisina digestível de 85,0%, todas isoenergéticas e isoprotéicas. Os peixes foram alimentados ad libitum, em seis refeições diárias, durante 40 dias. Avaliaram-se os parâmetros de desempenho, a composição corporal, a deposição de proteína e gordura corporais e a eficiência de retenção de nitrogênio dos peixes. O aumento da relação metionina + cistina:lisina da dieta não influenciou as variáveis avaliadas, com exceção dos teores de gordura e umidade corporais, cujos efeitos foram quadráticos e aumentaram e diminuíram, respectivamente, até a relação estimada de 67,0 e 66,7%. Contudo, a elevação da relação treonina:lisina digestível nas dietas com relações metionina + cistina:lisina digestível de 75,5% proporcionou aos peixes melhor conversão alimentar e maior eficiência de retenção de nitrogênio e de utilização da proteína e lisina para ganho. Os níveis totais ou digestíveis de aminoácidos sulfurosos de 0,91 e 0,86%, que correspondem à relação metionina + cistina:lisina total e digestível de 57,2 e 59,5%, respectivamente, foram os que proporcionaram os melhores resultados de desempenho e características de carcaça de alevinos de tilápia-do-nilo.Palavras-chave: aminoácidos digestíveis, aminoácidos sintéticos, nutrição protéica, Oreochromis niloticus, relação metionina + cistina:lisina digestível Methionine plus cystine requirement, based on ideal protein concept, in diets for Nile tilapia fingerlingsABSTRACT -Three hundred and ninety six reverted Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), from Thailand strain, averaging initial weight of 0.86 ± 0.02 g were used to evaluate the effect of feeding methionine plus cystine:lysine levels, based on the ideal protein concept, with deficient levels of digestible lysine (1.40%). The experiment was analyzed as a completely randomized design, with six treatments, six replications by treatment and 11 fishes for experimental unit. The treatments consisted of five diets with different ratios of digestible methionine + cystine:lysine (59.5, 63.5, 67.5, 71.5 and 75.5%) and digestible threonine:lysine ratio of 80.0%; and one diet with the digestible methionine plus cystine:lysine ratio of 75.5% and threonine: digestible lysine ratio of 85.0%, all isoenitrogenous and isoprotein. The fishes were fed ad libitum six daily meals during 40 days. Performance parameters...

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“…However, literature on applied nutrition studies employing lipotropes (methyl donors) in stress context is scarce. Suggested requirements in freshwater fish for soy lecithin (phospholipid), betaine and choline are 20 g/kg (Geurden et al 1995;1997), 1 to 2 g/kg (Przyby et al 1999;Wu and Davis 2005), and 1 to 3 g/kg (NRC 1993;Ogino et al 1970;Kasper et al 2000) respectively. Thus, selection of dietary supplement levels was based on our assessment of culture conditions, literature on the subject and the context of the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipotropes promote immunobiochemical plasticity and protect fish against low-dose pesticide-induced oxidative stress

Muthappa

Gupta

Yengkokpam

et al. 2014

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of different lipotropes in modulating immunity and biochemical plasticity under conditions of sublethal low-dose pesticide-induced stress in fish. Labeo rohita fish fingerlings were divided in two sets with one set of fish continuously exposed to low-dose endosulfan (1/10th of 96-h LC 50 ) for 21 days, the other was unexposed, and both sets of fish were fed with practical diets supplemented with either 2 % lecithin, 0.5 % betaine, or 0.1 % choline and compared against unsupplemented diet. Low-dose endosulfan exposure had adverse effects (P<0.05/P<0.01) on hematological profile (erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit), serum protein (total protein, albumin, and globulin) and lipid profile (cholesterol and triglyceride), anti-oxidative status (ascorbic acid content of muscle, liver, brain, and kidney and activity of anti-oxidative enzymes: catalase and superoxide dismutase), neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase activity in muscle and brain), immunological attributes (WBC count, albumin to globulin ratio, phagocytic activity, and serum cortisol), and metabolic plasticity as revealed from enzyme activities (muscle lactate dehydrogenase, liver and kidney glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase-G6PDH activity). Dietary lipotropes prevented these effects completely or partially and the effects were lipotrope dependent. Kinetics (maximum velocity value V max , catalytic efficiency and Michaelis constant K m ) of G6PDH enzyme from crude extracts of liver and kidney indicated inhibition due to endosulfan but lipotropes could protect enzyme and showed a stabilizing effect. The supplements also helped maintain integrity of histoarchitecture of the hepatocytes in endosulfan-exposed fish to a great extent. Feeding lipotropes to fish reared in endosulfan-free water also improved hematological and serum protein and lipid profiles and were immunostimulatory. In conclusion, dietary lipotropes, especially betaine and lecithin at the levels used, improve erythropoiesis, serum protein and lipid profile, anti-oxidant status, immunocompetence, neurotransmission, and protect the livers of L. rohita fingerlings even when continuously exposed to low-dose endosulfan.

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Choline Is Required by Tilapia when Methionine Is Not in Excess

Cited by 51 publications

References 32 publications

Digestible methionine + cystine requirement for Nile tilapia from 550 to 700 g

Digestible methionine + cystine requirement for Nile tilapia from 550 to 700 g

Exigência de metionina mais cistina, com base no conceito de proteína ideal, em rações para alevinos de tilápia-do-nilo

Lipotropes promote immunobiochemical plasticity and protect fish against low-dose pesticide-induced oxidative stress

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