Cholinergic stimulation with pyridostigmine increases heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity in rats

Soares, Pedro Paulo da Silva; Nóbrega, Antônio Cláudio Lucas da; Ushizima, M.R.; Irigoyen, Maria Cláudia

doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2004.05.002

Cited by 87 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In the frequency-domain analysis, fast Fourier transforming method (FFT) was used to evaluate systolic blood pressure, pulse interval, and RR interval variability (SBPV and PIV, respectively). The spectral bands for rats [very low frequency (VLF): 0.0 -0.2 Hz; low frequency (LF): 0.2-0.75 Hz; high frequency (HF): 0.8 -2.8 Hz] were defined as in previous studies (26,33). Spectral power for LF and HF bands was calculated by means of power spectrum density integration within each frequency bandwidth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive role of exercise training in autonomic, hemodynamic, and metabolic parameters in rats under high risk of metabolic syndrome development

Moraes‐Silva

Mostarda

Moreira

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Moraes-Silva IC, Mostarda C, Moreira ED, Silva KAS, dos Santos F, de Angelis K, Farah VMA V, Irigoyen MC. Preventive role of exercise training in autonomic, hemodynamic, and metabolic parameters in rats under high risk of metabolic syndrome development. J Appl Physiol 114: 786 -791, 2013. First published January 17, 2013 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00586.2012.-High fructose consumption contributes to metabolic syndrome incidence, whereas exercise training promotes several beneficial adaptations. In this study, we demonstrated the preventive role of exercise training in the metabolic syndrome derangements in a rat model. Wistar rats receiving fructose overload in drinking water (100 g/l) were concomitantly trained on a treadmill (FT) or kept sedentary (F) for 10 wk. Control rats treated with normal water were also submitted to exercise training (CT) or sedentarism (C). Metabolic evaluations consisted of the Lee index and glycemia and insulin tolerance test (kITT). Blood pressure (BP) was directly measured, whereas heart rate (HR) and BP variabilities were evaluated in time and frequency domains. Renal sympathetic nerve activity was also recorded. F rats presented significant alterations compared with all the other groups in insulin resistance (in mg·dl Ϫ1 ·min Ϫ1 : F: 3.4 Ϯ 0.2; C: 4.7 Ϯ 0.2; CT: 5.0 Ϯ 0.5 FT: 4.6 Ϯ 0.4), mean BP (in mmHG: F: 117 Ϯ 2; C: 100 Ϯ 2; CT: 98 Ϯ 2; FT: 105 Ϯ 2), and Lee index (in g/mm: F ϭ 0.31 Ϯ 0.001; C ϭ 0.29 Ϯ 0.001; CT ϭ 0.27 Ϯ 0.002; FT ϭ 0.28 Ϯ 0.002), confirming the metabolic syndrome diagnosis. Exercise training blunted all these derangements. Additionally, FS group presented autonomic dysfunction in relation to the others, as seen by an ϳ50% decrease in baroreflex sensitivity and 24% in HR variability, and increases in sympathovagal balance (140%) and in renal sympathetic nerve activity (45%). These impairments were not observed in FT group, as well as in C and CT. Correlation analysis showed that both Lee index and kITT were associated with vagal impairment caused by fructose. Therefore, exercise training plays a preventive role in both autonomic and hemodynamic alterations related to the excessive fructose consumption.fructose; exercise training; autonomic nervous system SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE SHOWN that poor eating habits and a large increase in fructose consumption in recent years has contributed to the epidemic of metabolic syndrome (2, 5). These unhealthy habits may result in physiological changes that contribute to a higher morbidity and mortality in humans (14). Among these changes, increase of blood pressure, plasma lipids, obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia are the most evident. Additionally, studies have shown an association between these factors as hyperinsulinemia and hypertension, in both humans and animals (10, 21, 36), indicating that once these alterations are present, the higher is the incidence of cardiovascular diseases.Autonomic nervous system dysfunction also accompanies these metabolic disturbances. Our research group has ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive role of exercise training in autonomic, hemodynamic, and metabolic parameters in rats under high risk of metabolic syndrome development

Moraes‐Silva

Mostarda

Moreira

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…PYR increased HR variability in normal rats (63), healthy humans (47), and HF patients (5). In healthy humans, PYR given during a 1-or 2-day period produced bradycardia (20,46) without modifying cardiac function (18).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Pyridostigmine bromide (Valeant Farmacêutica do Brasil, Campinas, SP, Brazil) was prepared every day and was given in the drinking water (0.14 mg/ml) starting right after the myocardium infarction. Soares et al (63) described that this dose of pyridostigmine bromide (0.14 mg/ml) given in drinking water during 7 days produced an average inhibition of 40% on plasma acetylcholinesterase activity compared with pretreatment values. Body weight and water consumption were measured every day during the 4-wk study protocol.…”

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confidence: 99%

Increase in parasympathetic tone by pyridostigmine prevents ventricular dysfunction during the onset of heart failure

Lataro¹,

Silva²,

Fazan³

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Lataro RM, Silva CA, Fazan R Jr, Rossi MA, Prado CM, Godinho RO, Salgado HC. Increase in parasympathetic tone by pyridostigmine prevents ventricular dysfunction during the onset of heart failure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 305: R908 -R916, 2013. First published August 28, 2013 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00102.2013.-Heart failure (HF) is characterized by elevated sympathetic activity and reduced parasympathetic control of the heart. Experimental evidence suggests that the increase in parasympathetic function can be a therapeutic alternative to slow HF evolution. The parasympathetic neurotransmission can be improved by acetylcholinesterase inhibition. We investigated the long-term (4 wk) effects of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor pyridostigmine on sympathovagal balance, cardiac remodeling, and cardiac function in the onset of HF following myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction was elicited in adult male Wistar rats. After 4 wk of pyridostigmine administration, per os, methylatropine and propranolol were used to evaluate the cardiac sympathovagal balance. The tachycardic response caused by methylatropine was considered to be the vagal tone, whereas the bradycardic response caused by propranolol was considered to be the sympathetic tone. In conscious HF rats, pyridostigmine reduced the basal heart rate, increased vagal, and reduced sympathetic control of heart rate. Pyridostigmine reduced the myocyte diameter and collagen density of the surviving left ventricle. Pyridostigmine also increased vascular endothelial growth factor protein in the left ventricle, suggesting myocardial angiogenesis. Cardiac function was assessed by means of the pressure-volume conductance catheter system. HF rats treated with pyridostigmine exhibited a higher stroke volume, ejection fraction, cardiac output, and contractility of the left ventricle. It was demonstrated that the long-term administration of pyridostigmine started right after coronary artery ligation augmented cardiac vagal and reduced sympathetic tone, attenuating cardiac remodeling and left ventricular dysfunction during the progression of HF in rats.

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“…The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway has been attracting the attention of investigators as a therapeutic strategy for protecting against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (7,16) and MI damage (8,9). Accumulated evidence indicates that stimulation of the efferent vagus nerve can release the important neurotransmitter ACh, which acts through the ␣-7 subunit of the nicotinic ACh receptor (␣-7 nAChR) that is expressed in macrophages and regulatory T lymphocytes (6,30,37) to modulate the anti-inflammatory response.…”

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confidence: 99%

Increase in cholinergic modulation with pyridostigmine induces anti-inflammatory cell recruitment soon after acute myocardial infarction in rats

Rocha

Ribeiro

França

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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-We tested the hypothesis that an increase in the anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway, when induced by pyridostigmine (PY), may modulate subtypes of lymphocytes (CD4ϩ, CD8ϩ, FOXP3ϩ) and macrophages (M1/M2) soon after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Wistar rats, randomly allocated to receive PY (40 mg·kg Ϫ1 ·day Ϫ1 ) in drinking water or to stay without treatment, were followed for 4 days and then were subjected to ligation of the left coronary artery. The groupsdenominated as the pyridostigmine-treated infarcted (IP) and infarcted control (I) groups-were submitted to euthanasia 3 days after MI; the heart was removed for immunohistochemistry, and the peripheral blood and spleen were collected for flow cytometry analysis. Noninfarcted and untreated rats were used as controls (C Group). Echocardiographic measurements were registered on the second day after MI, and heart rate variability was measured on the third day after MI. The infarcted groups had similar MI areas, degrees of systolic dysfunction, blood pressures, and heart rates. Compared with the I Group, the IP Group showed a significant higher parasympathetic modulation and a lower sympathetic modulation, which were associated with a small, but significant, increase in diastolic function. The IP Group showed a significant increase in M2 macrophages and FOXP3 ϩ cells in the infarcted and peri-infarcted areas, a significantly higher frequency of circulating Treg cells (CD4 ϩ CD25 ϩ FOXP3 ϩ ), and a less extreme decrease in conventional T cells (CD25 ϩ FOXP3 Ϫ ) compared with the I Group. Therefore, increasing cholinergic modulation with PY induces greater anti-inflammatory cell recruitment soon after MY in rats. myocardial infarction; T lymphocytes; macrophage activation; anticholinesterase drugs; cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex

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Cholinergic stimulation with pyridostigmine increases heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity in rats

Cited by 87 publications

References 40 publications

Preventive role of exercise training in autonomic, hemodynamic, and metabolic parameters in rats under high risk of metabolic syndrome development

Preventive role of exercise training in autonomic, hemodynamic, and metabolic parameters in rats under high risk of metabolic syndrome development

Increase in parasympathetic tone by pyridostigmine prevents ventricular dysfunction during the onset of heart failure

Increase in cholinergic modulation with pyridostigmine induces anti-inflammatory cell recruitment soon after acute myocardial infarction in rats

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