Chondrogenesis-inductive nanofibrous substrate using both biological fluids and mesenchymal stem cells from an autologous source

Biomaterials for Sequestration of Growth Factors and Modulation of Cell Behavior

“…Several of these studies have focused on the functionalization of electrospun PCL nanofiber meshes for tissue engineering applications. [136][137][138] A first proof-of-concept was developed using antibodies against TGF-β1, FGF-2, and VEGF, either individually, with FGF-2 and VEGF antibodies being randomly mixed, or used side by side. [136] All types of functionalization were shown to be successful in capturing their respective GF from a complex biological fluid, i.e., platelet lysate.…”

“…Bioactivity of immobilized VEGF was shown to be retained, PEG-gelatin hydrogels [159] CCCGT CTTCC AGACC AAGAG TGAGG G PEG hydrogels [160] CCCGT CTTCC AGACA AGAGT CGAGG G Chitosan hydrogel films [161] AGGGC CACGT CTATT TAGAC TAGAG TGCAG TGGTT C Polyacrylamide gels; collagen sponges [162] GCGGG GCTAT GTAAA TTACT GCTGT ACTAC GC FGF-2 PEG hydrogels [160] /5ThioMC6-D/GCGAT ACTCC ACAGG CTACG GCACG TAGAG CATCA CCATG ATCCC A PDGF-BB Fibrin hydrogels [157] AAAAA AAAAA ACAGG CTACG GCACG TAGAG CATCA CCATG ATCCT GTGAC TTGAG C Polystyrene microparticles [163] GCGAT ACTCC ACAGG CTACG GCACG TAGAG CATCA CCATG ATCCT G [164] ACAGG CTACG GCACG TAGAG CATCA CCATG ATCCT G [163] Chitosan hydrogel films [161] since endothelial cell cultures on functionalized substrates had increased DNA, total protein, and intracellular VEGF contents. [136] This concept has been further explored in the development of bioactive scaffolds to promote chondrogenic differentiation [137] and to modulate the action of proinflammatory cytokines. [138] In the first case, anti-TGF-β3 and anti-insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) antibodies were tethered to the fiber scaffolds, and tested for the effects on human bone marrow-derived MSCs cultured under basal culture medium over 28 days.…”

“…This concept has been further explored in the development of bioactive scaffolds to promote chondrogenic differentiation [ 137 ] and to modulate the action of proinflammatory cytokines. [ 138 ] In the first case, anti‐TGF‐β3 and anti‐insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) antibodies were tethered to the fiber scaffolds, and tested for the effects on human bone marrow–derived MSCs cultured under basal culture medium over 28 days.…”

“…Observation of spherical morphology typical of chondrocytes and deposition of collagen type II suggested the formation of a cartilage‐like ECM ( Figure a). [ 137 ] In the second case, the goal was to use an antibody which inhibited the binding of the well‐known proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) to its receptor, in order to decrease its deleterious effects in articular diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Antibody‐grafted scaffolds could capture and retain TNF‐α produced by macrophages, while primary human articular chondrocytes could be cultured on the meshes for 28 days with retention of their typical phenotype.…”

“…Adapted with permission. [ 137 ] Copyright 2019, Elsevier. b) TGF‐β1 affinity peptides incorporated within a chitosan–sponge scaffold significantly enhance cartilage regeneration.…”