Choosing optimum noise figure and data rate in wireless sensor network radio transceivers

Dutta, Ramen; Zee, Ronan v. d.; Bentum, Marinus Jan; Kokkeler, André B.J.

doi:10.1109/icc.2011.5963069

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The derivation of the energy metric in this paper follows the work of [4] by assuming an ULP system, which has to maintain a MDR of . The time taken for this system to transmit bits of data is .…”

Section: Comparison Metrics For Ulp Txsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Energy Dissipation in ULP Systems: PLL-Free FBAR-Based Fast Startup Transmitters

Thirunarayanan

Ruffieux

Enz

2015

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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The energy dissipated by conventional phase-lockedloop-based transmitters (TXs) during the long startup phase is a major bottleneck that reduces the energy autonomy of duty-cycled ultra-low-power systems. In order to tackle this problem, this paper presents a loop-free TX based on a film-bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) that has a 5-s startup time and requires just 3-s for channel switching. The presented TX takes advantage of the high-frequency stability of the FBAR digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) to operate in open loop mode. In order to avoid the problem of the same frequency stability that also hinders addressing multiple channels, the DCO output is mixed with a divided down version (which gives the IF) of itself. By adjusting the division ratio suitably, frequency of the system can then be tuned. To further relax the tuning requirements on the FBAR, the divider for producing the IF is implemented as a phase-switching divider with a step size of 0.2. Integrated in a 65-nm technology node, the TX can address all the bands within the 2.36-2.5-GHz frequency range viz. Medical body area network, industrial, scientific, and medical, and low-power active medical implant bands. Moreover, this TX is able to reach up to 16-Mb/s peak data rate while consuming 9.2 mA at 1.2 V.Index Terms-Film-bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR), phase-locked loop (PLL)-free transmitter (TX), phase-switching divider (PSD), quantization noise (QN), ultra-low-power (ULP) systems.

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Section: Comparison Metrics For Ulp Txsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Energy Dissipation in ULP Systems: PLL-Free FBAR-Based Fast Startup Transmitters

Thirunarayanan

Ruffieux

Enz

2015

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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“…Several chapters in this thesis are based on published work. Chapter 2 is an improved version of [46], Chapter 3 is entirely copied from [47] with minor corrections, Chapter 4 is based on [48] with some additions and improvements and [49] is converted to Chapter 5 after adding some explanations.…”

Section: Thesis Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later in the thesis, in Chapter 4, interference effects and improvement of the robustness is addressed. The core part of this chapter is taken from [46]. Some corrections and improvements were done in the text, and a section which deals with low-power short range systems is added.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a significant amount of literature, such as [33,46,76,77,78] targeted at the reduction of communication energy of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and the increase of system battery lifetime. However, interference robustness is not addressed that much even though communication in most WSNs takes place in the largely crowded ISM frequency bands [27].…”

Section: Chirped-lo Based Interference Robust Communication 41 Intromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most of these receivers operate at low data rate and thereby do not exploit the duty-cycling effectively to minimize the energy-per-bit performance. In Chapter 2, it was presented that the overall energy consumption for the transmission of a fixed number of bits can be reduced by choosing a proper data-rate and receiver noise figure [46]. Although the optimum choice depends on link budget, technology, MAC protocol etc., a relatively high data rate (compared to the one commonly used for sensor networks) is preferable to quickly transfer the required data between the transmitter and receiver, and then both can go to sleep mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultra low power and interference robust transceiver techniques for wireless sensor networks

Dutta¹

Self Cite

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have the potential to build breakthrough technologies for a variety of applications to improve human life. Some of the important applications are prevention, prediction and rescue of disasters, medical study and cure, improve the energy efficiency of homes and industries and study environments in remote places. These applications desire an ultra low power sensor node to extend the battery life, so that minimum or zero maintenance is required after initial installation. With the advancement of CMOS technology, power consumption of processors and semiconductor memories has reduced drastically. However, the radio transceiver power consumption has not experienced much power reduction because of its RF analog circuits. This makes the transceiver the bottleneck with respect to lifetime in existing sensor nodes. Another growing challenge for the sensor node transceiver is its interference robustness. Therefore there is a need of ultra low energy and interference robust wireless transceivers to enable WSNs to thrive in several applications which are not yet successful. This thesis targets an energy optimized and interference-robust radio communication system for WSNs. Special focus is given to the receiver, as the receiver is either always ON or ON for more time than the transmitter for duty-cycled radio and hence it is the critical part of the transceiver performance both in terms of power reduction and interference mitigation. A system level optimization of the transceivers is carried out, and circuit techniques are proposed to reduce the receiver power consumption. sensornetwerken gebaseerd op andere communicatiestandaarden te verbeteren. v Contents Contents vii List of Figures xi Nomenclature xiv acknowledgement xiv B.1 Chirp synchronization circuit block diagram for the chirped-LO

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Optimum Design Parameters for Ultra-Low-Power RF Transceivers in Wireless Sensor Networks

Mahfouz

Meijerink

Bentum

2016

2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)

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In wireless sensor networks, the need for ultra-low power consuming nodes is one of the main motivations for research in such field. Because radio sections in sensor nodes contribute to a large extent to the overall power consumption, the focus of this study is on the RF transceiver. The aim is to reduce the average power consumption which depends significantly on the circuit architecture design, operating data rate, and duty cycle. In a symmetric communicating system, due to the tradeoff between transmitting power and receiver sensitivity on one hand, as well as between phase noise tolerance and power dissipation in local oscillators on the other hand, the design and operating parameters of the transceiver need to be determined from the perspective of the average power consumption. Therefore, in our study, as an initial step in system design, the optimum for instantaneous data rate, noise figure, and oscillator power budget are analytically determined. The analysis is carried out, taking into consideration an existing in-channel wideband interference, on two transceiver architectures: RF envelope detection and conventional heterodyne. The transceiver in both architectures employs on-off-keying modulation and duty cycling. The optimums are then calculated numerically based on design constants obtained from a frequently-cited RF envelope transceiver, indicating that an energy efficiency improvement of up to 5 dB can still be achieved.

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Choosing optimum noise figure and data rate in wireless sensor network radio transceivers

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Reducing Energy Dissipation in ULP Systems: PLL-Free FBAR-Based Fast Startup Transmitters

Reducing Energy Dissipation in ULP Systems: PLL-Free FBAR-Based Fast Startup Transmitters

Ultra low power and interference robust transceiver techniques for wireless sensor networks

Optimum Design Parameters for Ultra-Low-Power RF Transceivers in Wireless Sensor Networks

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