Chromo-fluorogenic probes for carbon monoxide detection

Abstract

The sensing of carbon monoxide (CO) using electrochemical cells or semiconducting metal oxides has led to inexpensive alarms for the home and workplace. It is now recognised that chronic exposure to low levels of CO also poses a significant health risk. It is perhaps surprising therefore that the CO is used in cell-signalling pathways and plays a growing role in therapy. However, the selective monitoring of low levels of CO remains challenging, and it is this area that has benefited from the development of probes which give a colour or fluorescence response. This feature article covers the design of chromo-fluorogenic probes and their application to CO sensing in air, solution and in cells.

Fine‐Tuning the Fluorescence Gain of FRET‐Type (Bodipy)(Bodipy′)‐NHC‐Iridium Complexes for CO Detection with a Large Virtual Stokes Shift

“…General experimental, af ull set of 1 Ha nd 13 CNMR spectra, additional synthetic procedures, determination of fluorescence quantum yields, cyclic voltammograms, mass spectra, computational details, and computed Cartesian coordinates of all stationary points are discussed in the Supporting Information.…”

Development of a colorimetric and NIR fluorescent dual probe for carbon monoxide

“…22 Naphthofluorescein was chosen as a signaling fluorophore due to its long excitation and emission wavelengths (> 600 nm), relatively large Stokes shift and easy availability. [23][24][25] Based on the literature and our previous work, allyl chloroformate was linked to the hydroxyl groups of naphthofluorescein as the response site to trap Pd 0 according to the Tsuji-Trost reaction.…”

Malodorogenic Sensing of Carbon Monoxide

“…Colorimetric CO detection is utilized in modern multichannel pulse oximetry and basically relies on the prominent deoxy‐myoglobin assay . More recently, molecular probes for the detection of CO were developed, in which a chemical reaction with CO leads to a change in the color or the fluorescence signal . The chromogenic rhodium complexes developed by Martinez‐Máñez represented a breakthrough for the simple detection of CO (Scheme a) in the critical concentration range of 50–100 ppm .…”