Chromobacterium subtsugae sp. nov., a betaproteobacterium toxic to Colorado potato beetle and other insect pests

Abstract

Strain PRAA4-1T, a motile, Gram-negative, violet-pigmented bacterium, was isolated from Maryland forest soil and found to be orally toxic to Colorado potato beetle larvae and other insects. Morphological, biological, biochemical and molecular characterization revealed that this strain was most similar to Chromobacterium violaceum, the type species and only currently recognized member of the genus Chromobacterium. DNA–DNA hybridization with C. violaceum ATCC 12472T was 27 %. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PRAA4-1T and Chromobacterium violaceum form a monophyletic clade, with the closest ancestral taxon Vogesella indigofera within the Betaproteobacteria. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain PRAA4-1T (=NRRL B-30655T=DSM 17043T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Chromobacterium, Chromobacterium subtsugae sp. nov.

Effect of Surround WP on Behavior and Mortality of Apple Maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae)

“…1). MBI-203 is formulated from a strain of Chromobacterium subtsugae that has shown activity against Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), yellowmargined leaf beetle (Microtheca ochroloma Stål), and southern green stink bug (N. viridula) (Martin et al 2007;Balusu & Fadamiro 2012). MBI-205 is based on the extract of Eucalyptus sp.…”

“…In addition to registered materials, three experimental biopesticides, MBI-203 (Chromobacterium subtsugae Martin et al strain PRAA4-1 T ) (Martin et al 2007), MBI-205 (extract of Eucalyptus sp.) and MBI-206 (Burkholderia sp.)…”

Chromobacterium haemolyticum sp. nov., a strongly haemolytic species

“…Upon extended incubation (4 days), C. violaceum caused slight haemolysis. In a similar manner to C. violaceum, the newly described species C. subtsugae also exhibits non-haemolytic and deep purple colonies (Martin et al, 2007).…”

“…There are considerable phylogenetic diversifications among strains of C. violaceum (Hungria et al, 2005;Scholz et al, 2005), suggesting the possibility of additional species, as exemplified by the species C. subtsugae that also produces violet pigment (Martin et al, 2007). In this study, we report the characterization of a non-pigmented species of the genus Chromobacterium by the use of a polyphasic taxonomic approach.…”

“…One species, Chromobacterium fluviatile has been transferred to the genus Iodobacter as Iodobacter fluviatilis (Logan, 1989). The other member of the genus is Chromobacterium subtsugae, which was described recently by Martin et al (2007). An organism with the non-validly published name of 'Chromobacterium viscosum', known for its production of a lipase, is probably more likely to be a strain of Burkholderia glumae, when the identical amino acid sequences of the lipases are considered (Taipa et al, 1995;Traub et al, 2001).…”