Chromobacterium violaceum infection: A rare but frequently fatal disease

Chattopadhyay, Asis Kumar; Kumar, Vijay; Bhat, Nitin; Rao, P. L. N. G.

doi:10.1053/jpsu.2002.29439

Cited by 45 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Eight cases of C. violaceum infection have been reported in India so far (Table 1) [3,13,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Our case, however, is the first case of septicemic C. violaceum infection in an adult reported from southern India.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Fatal Chromobacterium violaceum septicemia in a South Indian adult

Karthik

Pancharatnam

Veeraraghavan

2012

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Chromobacterium violaceum is a rare human pathogen that causes potentially fatal infections especially in the tropical regions. Limited awareness about this pathogen and inappropriate antibiotic therapy are some of the factors contributing to the high mortality rate. To date there have been only eight cases reported from India of which only one is an adult. To the best of our knowledge, we report here the first case of a 40-year-old man from South India with septicemic C. Violaceum infection and septic arthritis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Fatal Chromobacterium violaceum septicemia in a South Indian adult

Karthik

Pancharatnam

Veeraraghavan

2012

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Systemic infection caused by C. violaceum is rare but severe and is associated with fatality rates ≥ 60% 3,8,12,13 . Previous reports of C. violaceum sepsis have noted fever, hepatic abscesses, skin lesions, facial cellulitis and otitis 1 . Report of brain abscesses secondary to C. violaceum sepsis have also been reported 9,15 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Fatal septicemia caused by Chromobacterium violaceum in a child from Colombia

Martínez

Máttar

2007

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…4B). Among these are the human pathogens Vibrio vulnificans, causing wound infections and septicemia (45), Chromobacterium violaceum, an agent of serious invasive disease in pediatric age groups (46), and Leptospira interrogans, a leading zoonotic pathogen producing systemic illnesses manifest by hepatic and renal dysfunction (47). For investigators working with each of these species, our identification of Sia gene clusters containing neuD may stimulate a search for the presence of Sias with O-acetyl modifications that likely play a role in environmental niche ecology and/or interactions with mammalian hosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Group B Streptococcal Sialic Acid O-Acetyltransferase Is Encoded by neuD, a Conserved Component of Bacterial Sialic Acid Biosynthetic Gene Clusters

Lewis

Hensler

Varki

et al. 2006

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Nearly two dozen microbial pathogens have surface polysaccharides or lipo-oligosaccharides that contain sialic acid (Sia), and several Sia-dependent virulence mechanisms are known to enhance bacterial survival or result in host tissue injury. Some pathogens are also known to O-acetylate their Sias, although the role of this modification in pathogenesis remains unclear. We report that neuD, a gene located within the Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Sia biosynthetic gene cluster, encodes a Sia O-acetyltransferase that is itself required for capsular polysaccharide (CPS) sialylation. Homology modeling and site-directed mutagenesis identified Lys-123 as a critical residue for Sia O-acetyltransferase activity. Moreover, a single nucleotide polymorphism in neuD can determine whether GBS displays a "high" or "low" Sia O-acetylation phenotype. Complementation analysis revealed that Escherichia coli K1 NeuD also functions as a Sia O-acetyltransferase in GBS. In fact, NeuD homologs are commonly found within Sia biosynthetic gene clusters. A bioinformatic approach identified 18 bacterial species with a Sia biosynthetic gene cluster that included neuD. Included in this list are the sialylated human pathogens Legionella pneumophila, Vibrio parahemeolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Campylobacter jejuni, as well as an additional 12 bacterial species never before analyzed for Sia expression. Phylogenetic analysis shows that NeuD homologs of sialylated pathogens share a common evolutionary lineage distinct from the poly-Sia O-acetyltransferase of E. coli K1. These studies define a molecular genetic approach for the selective elimination of GBS Sia O-acetylation without concurrent loss of sialylation, a key to further studies addressing the role(s) of this modification in bacterial virulence.Sialic acids (Sias) 3 are a family of related nine-carbon acidic sugars (nonulosonic acids) that are found at the outer ends of glycan chains on all vertebrate cells. Over 20 microbial pathogens are known to use surface Sia decoration as a form of molecular mimicry that is often crucial to virulence (1). Several convergent strategies for microbial Sia decoration have been identified, including endogenous biosynthesis, scavenging, or direct transfer of host Sias to their own surface glycans (1). Heavily sialylated bacteria often cause sepsis and meningitis by exhibiting Sia-dependent serum resistance due to deactivation of the alternative complement pathway (2-4). In addition, bacterial Sias can enhance intracellular survival (5), participate in biofilm formation (6), or mask underlying antibody epitopes (7). Antibodies elicited against sialylated bacterial glycolipids can also cross-react with host peripheral nerve axons, leading to the debilitating autoimmune disorder called GuillainBarré syndrome (8, 9). In short, there are multiple Sia-dependent virulence mechanisms that enhance bacterial survival and/or result in host tissue injury.Several pathogenic bacteria are known to modify Sia residues by O-acetylation (10 -18). In other contexts, ...

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Chromobacterium violaceum infection: A rare but frequently fatal disease

Cited by 45 publications

References 9 publications

Fatal Chromobacterium violaceum septicemia in a South Indian adult

Fatal Chromobacterium violaceum septicemia in a South Indian adult

Fatal septicemia caused by Chromobacterium violaceum in a child from Colombia

The Group B Streptococcal Sialic Acid O-Acetyltransferase Is Encoded by neuD, a Conserved Component of Bacterial Sialic Acid Biosynthetic Gene Clusters

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