Chromosome 6p Microsatellite Polymorphisms in African-Americans

Maliarik, Mary J.; Kost, James A.; Harrington, Douglas W.; Popovich, John; Major, Marcie; Rybicki, Benjamin A.; Iannuzzi, Michael C.

doi:10.1159/000154266

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The heterozygosity level for TNFa was particularly high (0.85), and greater than 0.70 for D6S105 and D6S265 loci (see table 2). Nevertheless, Maliarik, Kost, Harrington et al (1995), characterizing several microsatellites located on chromosome 6 in a sample of Afro-Americans, found a heterozygosity value for D6S105 even higher (87%) than those reported for European populations. Table 3 includes results of the two tests for Hardy±Weinberg equilibrium.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Microsatellite DNA markers from HLA region ( D6S105, D6S265 and TNFa ) in autochthonous Basques from Northern Navarre (Spain)

Peña

Calderón

Pérez-Miranda

et al. 2002

Annals of Human Biology

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Microsatellite DNA markers from HLA region ( D6S105, D6S265 and TNFa ) in autochthonous Basques from Northern Navarre (Spain)

Peña

Calderón

Pérez-Miranda

et al. 2002

Annals of Human Biology

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“…Modern day African Americans are a mixture of two genetically distinct populations, West African and European, and in the United States tend to have greater allelic diversity than Caucasians [8,9]. Studies of Y chromosome haplotypes estimate that part of the African population migrated to Eurasia between 40 and 50 thousand years ago [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distribution of Long Range Admixture Linkage Disequilibrium in an African-American Population

Rybicki¹,

Iyengar

Harris

et al. 2002

Hum Hered

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Objectives: To better understand the effect of admixture on long range linkage disequilibrium (LD), we characterized extended LD in gene-rich regions of an African-American population. Methods: Approximately 290 cM of chromosomes 1, 3, 6, 11–17, 20 and 22 were scanned using 109 polymorphic microsatellite markers spaced an average of 3 cM apart. Disequilibrium between loci (D′) was based on maximum-likelihood estimates of haplotype frequencies computed for 200 unrelated African Americans. Results: Mean D′ values were highest on chromosomes 6p23–p21.3 (D′ = 0.33) and 15p22.2–p25.3 (D′ = 0.34), and lowest on chromosome 12p11.2–q14 (D′ = 0.21). Overall, the variance in LD among chromosomes accounted for approximately two-thirds of the total LD variance. Of the 434 locus pairs spaced between 0.3 and 38.7 cM apart, there was no detectable correlation between LD and recombination distance and a weak negative correlation between LD and physical distance (r_s = –0.12; p = 0.031). For the 192 intrachromosomal locus pairs where allele frequency data were available from the Centre d’Etude du Polymorphisme humain (CEPH), we found a statistically significant positive correlation between LD and the allelic frequency differences (δ) between the African-American study population and Caucasian reference CEPH population (r_s = 0.53; p < 0.0001). The correlation between LD and both recombination and physical distance was markedly increased for locus pairs with high δ levels. Conclusions: Our results suggest that recent Caucasian admixture maintains a high level of long range LD in African Americans on a genomic scale, and selected markers with large African American/Caucasian δ levels may be useful in association studies.

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“…Previous MR studies using UK Biobank have found higher BMI caused reduced socioeconomic position (higher deprivation, lower income, less years in education, lower odds of attaining a degree and lower odds of skilled employment), but did not find BMI causal on odds of employment [ 24 , 47 ]. A randomised control trial used financial reward to create differences in weight loss in obese subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could potentially be explained by reduced capacity to perform the work of caring for home or family. Alternatively, higher BMI in women has been found to be causal on lower probability of cohabiting with a partner [ 24 ], which in turn may associate with increased caring for home or family.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of increased body mass index on employment status: a Mendelian randomisation study

et al. 2021

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Background The obesity epidemic may have substantial implications for the global workforce, including causal effects on employment, but clear evidence is lacking. Obesity may prevent people from being in paid work through poor health or through social discrimination. We studied genetic variants robustly associated with body mass index (BMI) to investigate its causal effects on employment. Dataset/methods White UK ethnicity participants of working age (men 40–64 years, women 40–59 years), with suitable genetic data were selected in the UK Biobank study (N = 230,791). Employment status was categorised in two ways: first, contrasting being in paid employment with any other status; and second, contrasting being in paid employment with sickness/disability, unemployment, early retirement and caring for home/family. Socioeconomic indicators also investigated were hours worked, household income, educational attainment and Townsend deprivation index (TDI). We conducted observational and two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses to investigate the effect of increased BMI on employment-related outcomes. Results Regressions showed BMI associated with all the employment-related outcomes investigated. MR analyses provided evidence for higher BMI causing increased risk of sickness/disability (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04, 1.11, per 1 Kg/m2 BMI increase) and decreased caring for home/family (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93, 0.99), higher TDI (Beta 0.038, 95% CI 0.018, 0.059), and lower household income (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96, 0.99). In contrast, MR provided evidence for no causal effect of BMI on unemployment, early retirement, non-employment, hours worked or educational attainment. There was little evidence for causal effects differing by sex or age. Robustness tests yielded consistent results. Discussion BMI appears to exert a causal effect on employment status, largely by affecting an individual’s health rather than through increased unemployment arising from social discrimination. The obesity epidemic may be contributing to increased worklessness and therefore could impose a substantial societal burden.

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Chromosome 6p Microsatellite Polymorphisms in African-Americans

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Microsatellite DNA markers from HLA region ( D6S105, D6S265 and TNFa ) in autochthonous Basques from Northern Navarre (Spain)

Microsatellite DNA markers from HLA region ( D6S105, D6S265 and TNFa ) in autochthonous Basques from Northern Navarre (Spain)

The Distribution of Long Range Admixture Linkage Disequilibrium in an African-American Population

Effects of increased body mass index on employment status: a Mendelian randomisation study

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