Chronic Bronchitis in Women Using Solid Biomass Fuel in Rural Peshawar, Pakistan

Akhtar, Tasleem; Ullah, Zahoor; Khan, M. Y.; Nazli, Rubina

doi:10.1378/chest.06-2529

Cited by 100 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Other studies conducted in indoor environments in Pakistan have also reported concentrations to be higher than the prescribed limits (Siddiqui et al, 2005a, b;Akhtar et al, 2007;Colbeck et al, 2008;Siddiqui et al, 2008;Siddiqui et al, 2009;Colbeck et al, 2010b;Janjua et al, 2012;Nasir et al, 2013).…”

Section: Levels Of Fine Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 89%

Assessment of Airborne Microflora in the Indoor Micro-Environments of Residential Houses of Lahore, Pakistan

Sidra

Ali

Sultan

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The presence of micro-organisms in air is taken for granted, but understanding the identities, distribution and abundance of airborne micro-organisms remains in its infancy. Indoor exposure to micro-organisms has been related to range of adverse health outcomes. The indoor levels of particulate matter and bioaerosols were monitored in thirty houses across Lahore, Pakistan. Two DustTrak aerosol monitors (model 8520, TSI Inc.) were run simultaneously in the kitchens and living rooms of the selected sites to measure fine particulate matter. At the same time, agar coated petri plates were exposed face upwards for twenty minutes to sample the micro-organisms present in surrounding air of both micro-environments. A total of 7 bacterial species and 11 fungal species were identified including Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp. and Serratia spp. while the predominant fungal species were Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus spp. The concentrations (cfu m ranged between 236 and 1887 in the kitchen and from 315 to 1887 in the living room. A seasonal variation in bioaerosols was evident in the kitchens while being not so pronounced in the living rooms. A linear regression model showed a direct association of temperature with bacteria and fine particulate matter but not with fungi. Ventilation was also observed to have a significant impact upon PM levels. Out of 30 households sixteen had the presence of at least one individual with allergenic reactions. These findings highlight the enhanced risk of exposure to fine particulate matter as well as bioaerosols in the urban residential built environment in Pakistan.

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Section: Levels Of Fine Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 89%

Assessment of Airborne Microflora in the Indoor Micro-Environments of Residential Houses of Lahore, Pakistan

Sidra

Ali

Sultan

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…The burning of solid fuels indoors in open fires or traditional cooking stoves (chulhas) results in high levels of toxic pollutants in the kitchen area (20,24). As such, the use of these fuels is considered to be a major risk factor for lung cancer as well as for cardiovascular and noncommunicable respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma (9,(24)(25)(26)(27)(28) and other respiratory diseases such as acute respiratory infections (20), chronic bronchitis (21,(29)(30), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (31,32), and tuberculosis (33,34). Poor ventilation in kitchens may worsen the adverse health effects of asthma (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Indoor Air Pollution from Biomass and Solid Fuel Combustion on Prevalence of Self-Reported Asthma among Adult Men and Women in India: Findings from a Nationwide Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Survey

Agrawal

2012

Journal of Asthma

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Objectives-Increasing prevalence of asthma in developing countries has been a significant challenge for public health in recent decades. A number of studies have suggested that ambient air pollution can trigger asthma attacks. Biomass and solid fuels are a major source of indoor air pollution, but in developing countries the health effects of indoor air pollution are poorly understood. In this study we examined the effect of cooking smoke produced by biomass and solid fuel combustion on the reported prevalence of asthma among adult men and women in India.Methods-The analysis is based on 99,574 women and 56,742 men aged between 20 and 49 years included in India's third National Family Health Survey conducted in [2005][2006]. Effects of exposure to cooking smoke, determined by the type of fuel used for cooking such as biomass and solid fuels versus cleaner fuels, on the reported prevalence of asthma were estimated using multivariate logistic regression. Since the effects of cooking smoke are likely to be confounded with effects of tobacco smoking, age, and other such factors, the analysis was carried out after statistically controlling for such factors.Results-The results indicate that adult women living in households using biomass and solid fuels have a significantly higher risk of asthma than those living in households using cleaner fuels (OR: 1.26; 95%CI: 1.06-1.49; p = .010), even after controlling for the effects of a number of potentially confounding factors. Interestingly, this effect was not found among men (OR: 0.98; 95%CI: 0.77-1.24; p = .846). However, tobacco smoking was associated with higher asthma prevalence among both women (OR: 1.72; 95%CI: 1.34-2.21; p < .0001) and men (OR: 1.35; 95%CI: 1.49-2.25; p < .0001). Combined effects of biomass and solid fuel use and tobacco smoke on the risk of asthma were greater and more significant in women (OR: 2.16; 95%CI: 1.58-2.94; p < .0001) than they were in men (OR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.04-1.72; p = .024). Conclusions-The Europe PMC Funders Group

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“…Most of these components are mutagenic in vitro (9). Smoke is an irritant toxic to cilia and contains coagulant agents which affect the respiratory system defence and increase the risk of chronic lung infection (10,11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pandey et al (13) have shown that COPD prevalence rises with age and is greater Nepalese men than women (13). Akhtar et al (9) identifi ed chronic bronchitis in 100 of 1426 Pakistani women burning biomass and established a strong relationship between bronchitis and biomass use compared to a control group. Demirtaş et al (2) found that women who exposed to biomass smoke were signifi cantly more prone to COPD than unexposed women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic effects of environmental biomass smoke on lung histopathology in turkish non-smoking women: a case series

Günbatar

Sertoğullarından

Özbay

et al. 2012

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Biomass is widely used for fuel in developing countries. Particles and gases of biomass burning may cause changes in the lung. In this prospective study we investigated histopathological changes in the lungs of 42 non-smoking women [mean age (59±10) years] caused by biomass smoke. We valuated exposure to biomass smoke, case histories, and the fi ndings of physical examination, radiology, bronchoscopy, and lung histopathology. Mean exposure to biomass smoke was (28±9) hour-year (1 hour-year equals 365 hours of exposure per year with average exposure of 1 hour a day). The radiological fi ndings were mass (42 %), reticulonodular opacities (31 %), mediastinal lymphadenopathy (26 %), pleuro-parenchymal fi brotic banding (19 %), widening of the pulmonary artery (14 %), ground glass (11 %), mosaic perfusion (9 %), consolidation (9 %), segmental or subsegmental atelectasis (7 %), and bronchiectasis (7 %). The patients were diagnosed with lung cancer (35 %), interstitial lung disease (31 %), sarcoidosis (9 %), tuberculosis (9 %), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (4 %), chronic bronchitis (9 %), and metastasis (4 %). Bronchoscopy showed pilies, oedema, erythema, bronchus narrowing, endobronchial tumour, mucosal irregularity, increased vascularisation, blue-black anthracotic plaques, mucosal oedema, and purulent secretion. Transbronchial biopsies revealed neutrophil and lymphocyte leucocytes in the perivascular, peribronchiolar, and interalveolar septa, slightly enlarged connective tissue, thickening of the basal membrane, thickening of interalveolar septa, intimal and medial thickening of the vascular wall and vascular lumen narrowing, anthracosis between the cells and in the bronchiole epithelium. These fi ndings confi rm that biomass smoke has important toxic effects on the lung parenchyma, interstitium, and pulmonary vessels that may result in malignancies.

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Chronic Bronchitis in Women Using Solid Biomass Fuel in Rural Peshawar, Pakistan

Cited by 100 publications

References 12 publications

Assessment of Airborne Microflora in the Indoor Micro-Environments of Residential Houses of Lahore, Pakistan

Assessment of Airborne Microflora in the Indoor Micro-Environments of Residential Houses of Lahore, Pakistan

Effect of Indoor Air Pollution from Biomass and Solid Fuel Combustion on Prevalence of Self-Reported Asthma among Adult Men and Women in India: Findings from a Nationwide Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Survey

Chronic effects of environmental biomass smoke on lung histopathology in turkish non-smoking women: a case series

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