Chronic bronchitis incidence in the extended cohort of Mayak workers first employed during 1948–1982

Azizova, Tamara V.; Zhuntova, G.V.; Haylock, Rge; Moseeva, M. B.; Grigoryeva, E. S.; Банникова, М. В.; Belyaeva, Z D; Bragin, E.

doi:10.1136/oemed-2015-103283

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A dose–response relationship between α-radiation exposure and incidence of various cancerous and noncancerous disorders was observed in nuclear workers chronically exposed by inhalation to plutonium ( 239 Pu) in the Mayak Nuclear Enterprise (Chelyabinsk region, Russia). 98 - 120 For instance, the incidence of lung cancer corrected for smoking was 0.56, 0.59, and 0.83 at body burdens of 343, 1180, and 4200 Bq, respectively, in 500 nuclear workers relative to internal controls. Of note, the lung cancer incidence was linearly associated with cigarette smoking, with 2-fold risk of lung cancer in those workers who smoked 1 pack of cigarettes per day for at least 5 years.…”

Section: Nuclear Worker Cohortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Impacts of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Current Scientific Debates and Regulatory Issues

et al. 2018

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Health impacts of low-dose ionizing radiation are significant in important fields such as X-ray imaging, radiation therapy, nuclear power, and others. However, all existing and potential applications are currently challenged by public concerns and regulatory restrictions. We aimed to assess the validity of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model of radiation damage, which is the basis of current regulation, and to assess the justification for this regulation. We have conducted an extensive search in PubMed. Special attention has been given to papers cited in comprehensive reviews of the United States (2006) and French (2005) Academies of Sciences and in the United Nations Scientific Committee on Atomic Radiation 2016 report. Epidemiological data provide essentially no evidence for detrimental health effects below 100 mSv, and several studies suggest beneficial (hormetic) effects. Equally significant, many studies with in vitro and in animal models demonstrate that several mechanisms initiated by low-dose radiation have beneficial effects. Overall, although probably not yet proven to be untrue, LNT has certainly not been proven to be true. At this point, taking into account the high price tag (in both economic and human terms) borne by the LNT-inspired regulation, there is little doubt that the present regulatory burden should be reduced.

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Section: Nuclear Worker Cohortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Impacts of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Current Scientific Debates and Regulatory Issues

et al. 2018

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“…The CRS registry is a component of the 'Clinics' medical dosimetry database which contains demographical, medical, dosimetry and other data on Mayak PA workers, their family members and offspring (Azizova et al 2008). Consistent with previous studies (Azizova et al 2015a, 2015b, Azizova et al 2017, Azizova et al 2018a, 2018b) the present study cohort includes all workers first employed at one of the main facilities of Mayak PA (reactors, radiochemical and plutonium production plants) in the period 1948-1982 (22 377 individuals with 25.4% females). The follow-up of the cohort started after the date of hire at one of the main facilities and continued until the earliest of the following events: date of death, 31 December 2018 for alive workers living in Ozyorsk (residents), date of last medical record for residents with unascertained vital status and for those workers who had left Ozyorsk for another place of residence (migrants).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Registry for chronic radiation syndrome in a worker cohort of the Russian nuclear enterprise, Mayak Production Association

et al. 2019

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A registry for chronic radiation syndrome (CRS), a deterministic effect of chronic exposure to external and/or internal radiation at doses and dose rates exceeding thresholds for tissue reactions, was established within a medical and dosimetry database known as ‘Clinics’, of the Southern Urals Biophysics Institute at the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia. It includes 2068 CRS cases: 1517 (73.4%) in males and 551 (26.6%) in females. The majority of workers (97.9%) diagnosed with CRS at one of the main facilities of the first Russian nuclear enterprise, Mayak Production Association, were hired in the period 1948–1954. On the date of CRS diagnosis, the mean cumulative red bone marrow (RBM) absorbed doses from external gamma rays were 1.1 ± 0.66 Gy in males and 1.0 ± 0.58 Gy (±standard deviation) in females, with mean annual doses of 0.46 ± 0.33 Gy and 0.38 ± 0.22 Gy, respectively, and maximum annual doses of 0.67 ± 0.46 Gy and 0.55 ± 0.34 Gy, respectively. The frequency of CRS cases significantly increased with the increasing cumulative and mean annual RBM absorbed doses from external gamma rays. The paper presents the structure and descriptive characteristics of the CRS registry as well as prospects for its use.

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“…Chronic bronchitis has been assessed in the Mayak nuclear workers (Azizova et al 2017) and largely null results obtained, with an overall ERR/Gy of 0.03 (95% CI À0.05, 0.14) although some groups of workers, for example in a plutonium plant, or among ex-smokers, exhibited larger and borderline significant excess risks. There are few other radiation-exposed cohorts in which this endpoint was studied.…”

Section: Epidemiological Data Of Other Nonmalignant Endpointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low- and moderate-dose non-cancer effects of ionizing radiation in directly exposed individuals, especially circulatory and ocular diseases: a review of the epidemiology

Little

Azizova

Hamada

2021

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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Purpose: There are well-known correlations between high and moderate doses (>0.5 Gy) of ionizing radiation exposure and circulatory system damage, also between radiation and posterior subcapsular cataract. At lower dose correlations with circulatory disease are emerging in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors and in some occupationally exposed groups, and are still to some extent controversial. Heterogeneity in excess relative risks per unit dose in epidemiological studies at low (<0.1 Gy) and at low-moderate (>0.1 Gy, <0.5 Gy) doses may result from confounding and other types of bias, and effect modification by established risk factors. There is also accumulating evidence of excess cataract risks at lower dose and low dose rate in various cohorts. Other ocular endpoints, specifically glaucoma and macular degeneration have been little studied. In this paper, we review recent epidemiological findings, and also discuss some of the underlying radiobiology of these conditions. We briefly review some other types of mainly neurological nonmalignant disease in relation to radiation exposure. Conclusions: We document statistically significant excess risk of the major types of circulatory disease, specifically ischemic heart disease and stroke, in moderate-or low-dose exposed groups, with some not altogether consistent evidence suggesting dose-response non-linearity, particularly for stroke. However, the patterns of risk reported are not straightforward. We also document evidence of excess risks at lower doses/dose-rates of posterior subcapsular and cortical cataract in the Chernobyl liquidators, US Radiologic Technologists and Russian Mayak nuclear workers, with fundamentally linear dose-response. Nuclear cataracts are less radiogenic. For other ocular endpoints, specifically glaucoma and macular degeneration there is very little evidence of effects at low doses; radiation-associated glaucoma has been documented only for doses >5 Gy, and so has the characteristics of a tissue reaction. There is some evidence of neurological detriment following low-moderate dose ($0.1-0.2 Gy) radiation exposure in utero or in early childhood.

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Chronic bronchitis incidence in the extended cohort of Mayak workers first employed during 1948–1982

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Health Impacts of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Current Scientific Debates and Regulatory Issues

Health Impacts of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Current Scientific Debates and Regulatory Issues

Registry for chronic radiation syndrome in a worker cohort of the Russian nuclear enterprise, Mayak Production Association

Low- and moderate-dose non-cancer effects of ionizing radiation in directly exposed individuals, especially circulatory and ocular diseases: a review of the epidemiology

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