Chronic Central Nervous System Involvement

Martin, Roland; Kohlhepp, W.; Mertens, H. G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-77614-4_15

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…As this spirochetosis advances in the body, the meninges, cranial nerves and peripheral nerve roots may be affected. Neurological Lyme disease includes all forms of encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, meningoencephalitis, and radiculomyelitis [53]. Of note, chronic encephalomyelitis is defined as lasting longer than 6 months.…”

Section: Neurological Manifestations Of B Burgdorferi Ssmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lyme Disease Bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato, Detected in Multiple Tick Species at Kenora, Ontario, Canada

Scott¹,

Clark²,

Anderson³

et al. 2017

J Bacteriol Parasitol

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We detected the Lyme disease bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), in 8 species of ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from mammalian hosts, including humans, at Kenora, Ontario, Canada. These 8 tick species include Ixodes angustus, Ixodes banksi, Ixodes cookei (groundhog tick), Ixodes gregsoni, Ixodes muris (mouse tick), Ixodes scapularis (blacklegged tick), Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (rabbit tick), and Dermacentor albipictus (winter tick). Based on PCR amplification, 39 (41%) of 94 ticks tested were positive for B. burgdorferi s.l. DNA sequencing of the flagellin B (flaB) gene of B. burgdorferi s.l. complex revealed the presence of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.), which is pathogenic to humans, and causes diverse neurological manifestations in patients. Notably, we provide the first record of B. burgdorferi s.l. in I. gregsoni, and reveal a new distribution record for this tick in eastern and central Canada by extending the known range westward by 200 km. Our findings indicate that there may be a wide-ranging enzootic transmission cycle of B. burgdorferi s.l. within the ecosystem throughout the Kenora area. The health-care profession must be fully cognisant that Lyme disease is present in the Kenora area, and is a public health risk.

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Section: Neurological Manifestations Of B Burgdorferi Ssmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brain magnetic resonance imaging often shows hyperintense white matter lesions in patients with advanced neurological Lyme disease [53]. These lesions may mimic demyelination that occur in multiple sclerosis [58].…”

Section: Neurological Manifestations Of B Burgdorferi Ssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lyme Disease Bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato, Detected in Multiple Tick Species at Kenora, Ontario, Canada

Scott¹,

Clark²,

Anderson³

et al. 2017

J Bacteriol Parasitol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The cell count and CSF protein concentration decrease for two to six months or more following successful antibiotic treatment (Martin et al, 1993;Borg et al, 2005). In individuals with more longstanding neuroborreliosis, CSF normalizes more slowly (Kaiser, 1994), and the amount of intrathecally produced immunoglobulin does not necessarily decline during the initial period after treatment (Hammers Berggren et al, 1993).…”

Section: Intrathecal Antibody Production (Us)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A tremendous amount of controversy in the neuroborreliosis literature can be directly attributed to a misuse of this term. In European neuroborreliosis many patients with radiculitis have spinal cord involvement at the affected level, leading to estimates that Borrelia myelitis occurs in up to 8% to 16% of affected patients (Stiernstedt et al, 1988;Martin et al, 1993;Hansen, 1994). Myelopathic findings typically include paraparesis, spinal (primarily sensory) ataxia, or neurogenic bladder (Stiernstedt et al, 1988).…”

Section: Encephalomyelitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The term "third-stage Lyme neuroborreliosis" is typically used to describe an untreated Borrelia infection with neurological abnormalities that persist or are intermittent for more than six months. Although various time periods for stage III have been proposed by different authors, more than six months is the most widely used (Martin et al, 1993;Oschmann et al, 1998). It should be noted that other authors feel that since the pathophysiology of the disease does not change at six months, any time-based categorization is inherently arbitrary.…”

Section: Late Neuroborreliosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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