Chronic Hyperplastic and Neoplastic Cutaneous Lesions (Marjolin's Ulcer) in Hot-Brand Sites in Adult Beef Cattle

O’Toole, Donal; Fox, J. D.

doi:10.1177/104063870301500115

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Increasing total burned surface area is a major risk factor for chronic pain, impaired physical function, sleep problems, and mortality in humans [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. In addition to these potential increased risks, larger brands may also increase the probability of squamous cell carcinoma, which has been reported to develop on brand sites in cattle and sheep [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Welfare Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Branding Practices on Four Dairies in Kantale, Sri Lanka

Adcock

Tucker

Weerasinghe

et al. 2018

Animals

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Simple SummaryBranding cattle with hot irons is a painful procedure, inflicting severe burns that take weeks to heal. Although Sri Lanka prohibits hot-iron branding, the practice is still common in some areas of the country but has not been described. We observed branding practices on four smallholder farms and identified welfare concerns and challenges impeding adoption of alternative methods of identification, such as ear tags. Farmers used multiple irons to mark their initials and, in some cases, their address, with the largest brands extending across the ribs and hip. Farmers did not consider ear tags a viable alternative to hot-iron branding because of issues with security and tag retention. Hot-iron branding raises serious animal welfare concerns and efforts to introduce more welfare-friendly alternatives are needed.AbstractHot-iron branding is illegal in Sri Lanka, but is still commonly used to identify dairy herds in extensive farming systems, which are primarily located in the country’s Dry Zone. Despite the negative welfare implications of this practice, there is no written documentation of branding in this region. We observed branding on four smallholder farms in Kantale, Eastern Province to understand the welfare implications associated with the procedure and challenges limiting the uptake of more welfare-friendly alternatives, such as ear tagging. Areas of welfare concern included the duration of restraint, the size and location of the brand, and the absence of pain relief. Animals were restrained with rope for an average duration of 12 min (range 8–17 min). Farmers used multiple running irons to mark their initials and, in some cases, their address, with the largest brands extending across the ribs and hip. Three farmers applied coconut or neem oil topically to the brand after performing the procedure. No analgesics were given before or after branding. Farmers reported that poor ear tag retention in extensive systems and theft were the main factors impeding the uptake of alternative forms of identification. Branding is also practiced as part of traditional medicine in some cases. Given the clear evidence that hot-iron branding impairs animal welfare and there is no evidence that this can be improved, alternative identification methods are needed, both in Sri Lanka, as well as in other countries engaging in this practice.

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Section: Welfare Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Branding Practices on Four Dairies in Kantale, Sri Lanka

Adcock

Tucker

Weerasinghe

et al. 2018

Animals

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“…8]), or even squamous cell carcinomas (so-called Marjolin's ulcer or burn-scar carcinoma). 44,53,76,91 Radiant heat causes burns predominantly on the surface of the body. Depending on the temperature, the skin initially shows erythema (erythema ab igne), then blistering, and finally epidermal slippage.…”

Section: Additional Morphological Findings In Local Dry Heat Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Injuries in Veterinary Forensic Pathology

Wohlsein¹,

Peters

Schulze³

et al. 2016

Vet Pathol

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Localized thermal injuries in animals may be caused by exposure to fire and radiant heat, contact with hot items including hot liquids or steam, inhalation of hot air, and exposure to cold temperatures. In addition, animal fire victims may have intoxications caused by smoke gas. This article reviews the causes, pathogenetic aspects, morphological findings, additional investigations, differential diagnoses, and causes of death in various forms of thermal injuries. Since these cases do not occur frequently in diagnostic pathology, they represent a challenging task in general but also with respect to forensic or criminal aspects, such as whether a lesion represents an accidental or nonaccidental effect. Besides detailed information about the circumstances at the location, thermal injuries in animals require a thorough morphological evaluation, including additional investigations in conjunction with a profound knowledge about the possible lesion spectrum and suitable additional investigations.

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“…Therefore, it is possible to hypothesize that a long-term non-ulcerated bumblefoot or another chronic foot injury, not detected early, progressed to an SCC. Long-term and continuous tissue irritation in raptors [11] and inflammation and scarring in human beings and animals [2,13,19,21]…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Squamous cell carcinoma of the footpad with systemic metastasis in a captive crowned solitary eagle (<i>Buteogallus coronatus</i>)

Rocha

Wilson

Sousa

et al. 2020

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Squamous cell carcinoma of the footpad with systemic metastasis in a captive crowned solitary eagle (Buteogallus coronatus) Abstract: Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are one of the most common tumors of the tegument that can have a misdiagnosis of chronic skin wounds. An adult captive crowned solitary eagle presented an indolent wound-like ulcer on the footpad and a fatal outcome. An infiltrating tumoral mass in the foot and multiple tumoral metastatic nodules in visceral organs were detected. The neoplasm was composed of atypical squamous cells with strong positivity for cytokeratin, "keratin pearl" structures, and marked invasion of tissues confirming a diagnosis of metastatic SCC. This might be the first report of an SSC with metastasis on the footpad in a captive Chaco eagle, which is one of the endangered species of birds of prey.

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Chronic Hyperplastic and Neoplastic Cutaneous Lesions (Marjolin's Ulcer) in Hot-Brand Sites in Adult Beef Cattle

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Branding Practices on Four Dairies in Kantale, Sri Lanka

Branding Practices on Four Dairies in Kantale, Sri Lanka

Thermal Injuries in Veterinary Forensic Pathology

Squamous cell carcinoma of the footpad with systemic metastasis in a captive crowned solitary eagle (<i>Buteogallus coronatus</i>)

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