The cerebellum communicates with brain areas critically involved in control of goal-directed behaviors including the prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices and midbrain and basal ganglia structures. In particular, the posterior cerebellum is important for cognitive flexibility and has been implicated in alcohol and drug-related memory. We hypothesized that the cerebellum, through its multiple connections to reward-related brain circuitry, regulates alcohol consumption. To test this, we expressed inhibitory DREADDs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) in molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) in anterior (IV-V) or posterior (VI-VIII) cerebellar lobules of male and female mice and activated them during alcohol drinking sessions. In a home-cage drinking paradigm, alcohol consumption was significantly decreased by clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) or deschloroclozapine (DCZ) administration in male mice expressing DREADDs in posterior but not anterior lobules. CNO/DCZ injections did not affect drinking in DREADD expressing female mice or in male mice expressing the control vector. Activation of DREADDs expressed in anterior or posterior lobules had no effect on sucrose or quinine consumption in male or female mice. During operant self-administration sessions, DCZ decreased the number of licks and bouts in male but not female mice expressing DREADDs in posterior lobules with no effect in control vector mice. Performance on an accelerated rotarod was unaffected by chemogenetic manipulation while distance travelled in the open field was decreased by DREADD activation in anterior but not posterior lobules. These results indicate that neuronal activity within the posterior cerebellar cortex plays an important role in the control of alcohol consumption in male mice.Significance StatementThe role of the cerebellum in regulating alcohol drinking behavior, independent from motor coordination, is largely unexplored. As cerebellar modulation of non-motor brain functions is localized primarily to posterior lobules, we chemogenetically perturbed cerebellar lobules to test their involvement in alcohol consumption. Chemogenetic manipulation of posterior lobules VI-VIII decreased alcohol consumption in male but not female mice and did not alter motor coordination and locomotion. Chemogenetic perturbation of the anterior cerebellum decreased locomotion in both male and female mice but had no effect on motor coordination or alcohol consumption. These findings suggest that in male mice, modulation of the posterior cerebellum may affect neuronal computation within basal ganglia, striatal and cortical regions known to be relevant in alcohol use disorders.