Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) as Surgical Emergency

Abstract

Ileal perforation peritonitis is a critical surgical emergency often encountered in developing countries, commonly associated with typhoid fever, tuberculosis, trauma, and non-specific enteritis. This case report presents a unique instance of nonspecific enteritis associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). A 16-year-old girl with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis presented with symptoms, leading to the diagnosis of ileal perforations and CML. Surgical intervention involved ileal resection and double barrel ileostomy. The postoperative course included complications and chemotherapy with imatinib, demonstrating the challenges and management strategies in such cases. The discussion emphasizes the varied aetiologies of non-traumatic ileal perforation in different regions and sheds light on the rare gastrointestinal manifestations of CML. Notably, this report underscores the significance of prompt imatinib therapy in controlling CML while highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring and dose adjustments due to chemotherapy-related adverse effects.