Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is independently associated with hypertension in men

Abstract

Although studies have shown that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and hypertension are linked as comorbidities, it remains unclear whether COPD is independently associated with the risk of hypertension or is caused by common risk factors such as age and smoking. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between COPD and hypertension by using nationally representative data.This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V conducted during 2010 to 2012. Hypertension was defined as a mean systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or a diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg, or current consumption of antihypertensive medications. A diagnosis of COPD was defined as a smoking history of at least 10 pack-years with airflow limitation on spirometry. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate the independent association between COPD and hypertension after adjusting for covariates. Survey design analyses were conducted for all analyses.Among 4043 men (aged ≥ 40 years) who underwent spirometry, 2190 (54.2%) had hypertension. Even after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking status, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and stroke, COPD was independently associated with hypertension (adjusted odds ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.37–2.13; P < .001). Adjusted pulse pressure significantly increased as the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) to forced vital capacity and FEV1 decreased.COPD is independently associated with hypertension, and this could explain the link between the risk of cardiovascular diseases and COPD.

<p>Insights into Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as Critical Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease</p>

“…In a recent cross-sectional study, COPD was independently associated with hypertension (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.37-2.13) after adjusting for age, obesity, smoking status, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. 25 In another study, half of the patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbation had a previous diagnosis of hypertension. 8 The prevalence of diabetes is also increasing in COPD, particularly in patients with worse lung function.…”

The role of insertion-deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene in development of arterial hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

“…Studies by other authors have shown that the development of COPD and AH is influenced by such risk factors as age and smoking. In the meantime, a significant relationship was found to exist between COPD and AH, which did not depend on the duration of either disease 34 . Analysis of literature data suggests that patients with COPD and low body mass index are at high risk for bronchial obstruction, osteoporosis, abdominal aorta aneurysm, peripheral vascular disease and substance abuse 35 .…”

Association between cardiovascular risk-factors and venous thromboembolism in a large longitudinal study of French women

“…Our study of French women observed no associations between hypertension and all-VTE, but a weak association between hypertension and PE was identified. It is possible that these results could be explained by uncontrolled confounding from conditions such as pulmonary disease (or other respiratory conditions), which could be associated with both hypertension [ 34 ], and the risk of PE [ 35 ]. Similarly, isolated PE has been associated with a higher risk of arterial thrombotic events [ 36 ], which could possibly be explained by underlying hypertension among people with PE as reported in our results.…”