Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media in a Birth Cohort of Children in Greenland

Koch, Anders; Homøe, Preben; Pipper, Christian Bressen; Hjuler, Thomas; Melbye, Mads

doi:10.1097/inf.0b013e3181efaa11

Cited by 53 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Intermediate prevalence has been reported in the South Pacific Islands, Africa, Korea, India and Saudi Arabia, ranging from 1 to 6 % (Rupa et al, 1999;Zakzouk & Hajjaj, 2002). A prospective populationbased longitudinal cohort study among children aged 0 to 4 years demonstrated a cumulative incidence rate of CSOM of 14 % in Greenland (Koch et al, 2011). However, earlier studies have reported CSOM incidence rates of 19 and 20 % among Greenlandic children aged 3-8 years (Pedersen and Zachau-Christiansen, 1986;Homøe et al, 1996).…”

Section: Incidence and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 91%

“…These studies show that CSOM is highly prevalent in Greenlandic Inuits and appears very early in life, on average before 1 year of age. The risk factors that predispose children to CSOM in Greenland include attending childcare centres, having a mother who reported a history of purulent ear discharge, having smokers in the household, a high burden of upper respiratory tract infections and being Inuit (Koch et al, 2011). Although CSOM is still prevalent in developed countries, very few studies are available regarding this disease.…”

Section: Incidence and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A prospective populationbased longitudinal cohort study among children aged 0 to 4 years demonstrated a cumulative incidence rate of CSOM of 14 % in Greenland (Koch et al, 2011). However, earlier studies have reported CSOM incidence rates of 19 and 20 % among Greenlandic children aged 3-8 years (Pedersen and Zachau-Christiansen, 1986;Homøe et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Current concepts in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media

Mittal

Lisi

Gerring

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

200

161

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Otitis media (OM) is an inflammation of the middle ear associated with infection. Despite appropriate therapy, acute OM (AOM) can progress to chronic suppurative OM (CSOM) associated with ear drum perforation and purulent discharge. The effusion prevents the middle ear ossicles from properly relaying sound vibrations from the ear drum to the oval window of the inner ear, causing conductive hearing loss. In addition, the inflammatory mediators generated during CSOM can penetrate into the inner ear through the round window. This can cause the loss of hair cells in the cochlea, leading to sensorineural hearing loss. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are the most predominant pathogens that cause CSOM. Although the pathogenesis of AOM is well studied, very limited research is available in relation to CSOM. With the emergence of antibiotic resistance as well as the ototoxicity of antibiotics and the potential risks of surgery, there is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutic strategies against CSOM. This warrants understanding the role of host immunity in CSOM and how the bacteria evade these potent immune responses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms leading to CSOM will help in designing novel treatment modalities against the disease and hence preventing the hearing loss. IntroductionOtitis media (OM) refers to a group of complex infectious and inflammatory diseases affecting the middle ear (Dickson, 2014). OM in general is very common, as studies show that around 80 % of children should have experienced at least one episode by their third birthday (Teele et al., 1989). OM has been broadly classified into two main types, acute and chronic. Acute OM (AOM) is characterized by the rapid onset of signs of inflammation, specifically bulging and possible perforation of the tympanic membrane, fullness and erythema, as well as symptoms associated with inflammation such as otalgia, irritability and fever (Pukander, 1983;Harkness & Topham, 1998). Despite appropriate antibiotic therapy, AOM may progress to chronic suppurative OM (CSOM) characterized by persistent drainage from the middle ear associated with a perforated ear drum (Wintermeyer & Nahata, 1994;Harkness & Topham, 1998). When examined by otoscope, the middle ear looks red and inflamed with purulent discharge in CSOM patients (Figs 1 and 2). It is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases worldwide especially affecting children (Roland, 2002; Verhoeff et al., 2006). Hearing impairment is one of the most common sequelae of CSOM (Aarhus et al., 2015). The resultant hearing loss can have a negative impact on a child's speech development, education and behaviour (Olatoke et al., 2008; Khairi Md Daud et al., 2010). Mortality due to complications of CSOM is typically higher than other types of OM (Yorgancilar et al., 2013a;Qureishi et al., 2014). Intracranial complications like brain abscess and meningitis are the most common causes of death in CSOM patients (Dubey et al., 2010;Chew et al., 2012;Sun & Sun, 2014).In this article, the rec...

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Section: Incidence and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Incidence and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Current concepts in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media

Mittal

Lisi

Gerring

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

200

161

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Background information was obtained at enrolment through standardized interviews. CSOM was defined as either ear discharge from a tympanic membrane perforation or a dry perforation both persisting more than 14 days [11]. Diagnosis of CSOM could be made at any point in point during the study period.…”

Section: Initial Study 1996-1998mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the last decades several epidemiological studies have confirmed a continuously high prevalence of CSOM in Greenland (7-12%) as well as in other Inuit populations in the Arctic [8,9]. Risk factors for upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and acute and chronic suppurative otitis media have been identified [9][10][11]. However, the knowledge on the course of CSOM and long-term outcomes in high-risk populations is scarce and has not been described in Greenland before.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%