Chronic Venous Insufficiency in A Selected Nurse Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) causes severe symptoms and complications in the general population, but the prevalence, related risk factors, and treatment of CVI are unknown among nurses. The demographics and occupational factors of nurses from a university hospital were collected by questionnaires, and the presentation of CVI was confirmed by the specialist vascular surgeons. A total of 1606 participants were enrolled, and the prevalence of CVI was 7.5%. After multivariate adjustment, CVI was positively related to deep venous thrombosis history (OR 6.44, 95% CI 2.73-15.22), increased standing time (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.20-4.10), and increased time in night shift rotation (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.29-3.14). CVI was negatively related to oral contraceptives (OR .43, 95% CI .21-.87). Of the participants, 72.5% with CVI received compression therapy. For them, wearing compression stockings with a pressure of >20 mmHg or for >4 h/day significantly increased the rate of symptom relief, while the length of compression stockings made no difference. Thus, it was beneficial for nurses to spend less time standing and shorten their time in night shift rotation. Wearing compression stockings with sufficient pressure and for enough time was recommended for CVI symptom relief.

Chronic Venous Disease: Pathophysiological Aspects, Risk Factors, and Diagnosis

“…46 Furthermore, this effect seems to be dependent on increased standing time and increased time in night shift rotation. 47 Another study including hair dressers showed similar results. 48 Overweight (body mass index: 25.0-29.9 kg/m 2 ) and obesity (body mass index !…”

“…7,41 Regarding oral contraceptives, a recent study revealed an association between their use and a decreased risk of chronic venous insufficiency. 42 When analyzing hemostatic factors among patients participating in the Edinburgh Vein Study, elevated levels of fibrinogen, tissue plasminogen activator, and von Willebrand factor were observed in individuals with trunk varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency. However, upon adjusting for confounding factors, these associations were attenuated.…”

“…7 41 Regarding oral contraceptives, a recent study revealed an association between their use and a decreased risk of chronic venous insufficiency. 42…”

Personalized compression therapeutic textiles: digital design, development, and biomechanical evaluation

“…Recently, the prevalence of CVD globally increased from 7.5% to 73% varied by gender, aging, geographic area, and occupational factors ( Saliba et al, 2020 ; Aslam et al, 2022 ; Gujja et al, 2022 ; Stücker and Rabe, 2022 ). Compression therapeutic textiles (CTs)—as the traditional intervention modalities—are extensively applied for the medical treatment and prevention of chronic leg ulcers in physical-based compression therapy ( Stücker et al, 2020 ; Mestre et al, 2022 ; Xiang et al, 2022 ). By varying material stiffness, gradient external compressions distributed by elastic knitted CTs could reduce venous wall distension and promote venous hemodynamics from the distal to the proximal regions of lower extremities ( Orhurhu et al, 2021 ; Raffetto et al, 2021 ).…”